Blood Stain Evidence free essay sample

History hypothesis of blood splash investigation application to O.J. Simpson murder case. Blood Stain Evidence in Criminal Cases: People v. O.J. Simpson This paper will talk about different parts of blood stain proof, especially with respect to the O.J. Simpson case. The initial segment of the paper will talk about the understanding of blood scatter proof when all is said in done. The second piece of the paper will take a gander at the Simpson case as to such understanding. The investigation of blood stain and blood scatter proof is very particular from that of the blood itself. While blood investigation takes a gander at the compound and DNA qualities of blood tests taken as proof, blood stain and blood splash examination analyzes the examples of the blood found at the wrongdoing scene. Blood test testing is utilized to recognize the people at the wrongdoing scene; blood stain/scatter proof is utilized to clarify the grouping of occasions which occurred and the way where the . We will compose a custom paper test on Blood Stain Evidence or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page .

7 Tips to Learn New Skills Fast

7 Tips to Learn New Skills Fast Everyone has their own motivations to learn new abilities. Some need them for work, some due to the changes, brought about by different life occasions, some decide to do it since its good times. Any place your inspiration lies, acing another aptitude in a speedier and increasingly productive manner will surely profit you. Weve gathered 7 hints to assist you with doing this. Pick the one just as you would prefer or have a go at consolidating every one of them! Gaze Steal In most by far of cases learning another ability doesn't involve being normally talented. Its fairly a mix of steadiness and practice. The examination recommends, that to begin on along these lines you are to do two exceptionally significant things: gaze at individuals accomplishing something you need to learn and dont delay to utilize your perceptions by and by. Go to ace classes, presentations or competitions and transform them into an investigation meeting from an engaging movement. Gazing implies close looking at of what enables an individual to accomplish something capably. Taking is utilizing these little subtleties in your own exercises. For example, in the event that you target figuring out how to play the piano †watch the moves of the performer and do your absolute best to see unique tilt of the wrist and the manner in which they contact those ivories. Also, when you return home, imitate the habits. This standard applies to bunches of circles of exercises. Take it and use it. Deconstruct Learning another ability gets unmistakably progressively reasonable when you analyze it into a few constituents. A useful model of doing this in a powerful manner was recommended by Tim Ferris, a specialist on learning issues. He has concocted DiSSS framework: Deconstruction, Selection, Sequencing and Stakes. In this way, first you need to separate the expertise into little blocks. At that point you pick the method of applying 20% of exertion, that will bring 80% outcome. Next, you are to think about the best request to become familiar with the squares of the aptitude. To wrap things up, you have to concoct an arrangement of commendation and discipline, that will rouse you to really go entirely through. Lets state your objective is figuring out how to play the guitar. To start, you have to gain proficiency with a lot of harmonies, important to play a few your main tunes. Having glanced through the rundown, you may run them from the simplest to the most confused ones. At that point, begin rehearsing, continuously expanding the trouble level. Dont stop until youve go to the main clear outcome. Once youre there †set up a little gathering and perform for your visitors. In the event that youre not †dont go out until you arrive at the required outcome. Could it be any more obvious? DiSSS in real life! Dont Be Afraid to Be Stupid That is one of the most widely recognized apprehensions. Dont let it hold up traffic of your learning new, stunning things. Pose inquiries and commit errors †that is a certain formula of getting not hypothetical information, yet hands-on understanding, which is an a lot shorter approach to prevailing in another territory. Dont dither to face challenges and settle on alarming choices. Going the protected, right way may deny you of the chance to connect with into a fascinating excursion, that will really be unquestionably increasingly advantageous at long last. Who knows, possibly the idiotic inquiry you pose on the discussion will prompt sudden captivating conditions? Possibly the manner in which you cook that supper is far superior to the first formula? Be a challenging voyager and play around with it. â€Å"No† to Routine The investigation has appeared, that changing the method of training is more beneficial than simple reiteration of the activity. The members were approached to go to a few instructional courses, planned for instructing them to move a cursor with the assistance of a gadget, that reacted to crushing. Agents of one gathering were approached to perform various activities during the meetings, while individuals from the other one adhered to a solitary exercise design. At long last, members from the main group indicated better outcomes, having exhibited more elevated level of capacity to change in accordance with new conditions just as better in general execution. In spite of the fact that the examination focused on engine abilities, the methodology is appropriate to different ones similarly too. For instance, when you get familiar with another dialect, you may either essentially rehash and reexamine new words or use them in various developments or word games. Actually, youll see the advantages of the second technique soon. Dont Make Things Difficult That is just a question of good judgment. The prescribed procedures of learning the aptitude youve picked have most likely previously been built up. So dont rehash an already solved problem. Watch two or three YouTube instructional exercises or experience articles, committed to the point. It never damages to utilize others experience. When you get familiar with the fundamentals, youll get an opportunity to make your own courses. Be a Doer, Not Just a Learner Experiencing hypothetical premise is certainly a decent beginning. Be that as it may, if youve concluded that to gain proficiency with the expertise you have to peruse 10 exemplary books, committed to the theme, you are most likely off-base. On the off chance that you dont see the principal consequence of your training soon, youre prone to lose all the intrigue. Dont let this occur. Along these lines, on the off chance that you need to figure out how to cook, for instance, get serious as quickly as time permits. You may look for motivation from changed sources later. In any case, at the beginning stage you should be as rational as could be expected under the circumstances. Cook that serving of mixed greens and youll get to the bouillabaisse quicker. Inconvenience Is a Friend Individuals love being agreeable. In any case, unwinding isn't acceptable on the off chance that you need to ace another capacity rapidly. Your cerebrum feels that the earth is sheltered and warm, accordingly, you shouldnt invest any more energy. That is the reason placing yourself in rather extreme conditions is in reality acceptable. The best-performing schools and preparing offices frequently look quite essential and unquestionably are a long way from extravagance. Along these lines, dont get excessively comfortable and attempt to keep away from interruptions. This procedure will encourage learning, upgrade your exhibition and make you considerably more joyful, when you acclaim yourself with a touch of something, having gained ground. Learning is an experience, where the prizes are ensured, on the off chance that you pay enough exertion and perseverance. Have an amazing one!

Violence Against Women In Music Essay -- Feminism Feminist Women Criti

Savagery Against Women In Music  Especially troubling in the present society is the degree of broken connections. Qualities thought about obsolete and unjustifiable, for example, shared regard, thought for someone else's emotions, and basic politeness, are turning out to be wiped out human traditions. Particularly alarming are the brutal misogynous messages injected in bad-to-the-bone stone and rap music and their negative consequences for the present youth.  Sound connections of shared love, regard, and bargain among people all things considered and social classes are instrumental to a normal and stable society. Regard and adoration for mother, sister, spouse, and little girl as the supports of human progress are vital to our endurance as an animal categories. Numerous young today approach their associations with the other gender, mirroring the mentalities of the stone or rap performer.  As an artist, I can value all types of music as genuine vehicles of masterful articulation, not just appending tasteful incentive to what I like. Genuine works of art should communicate the appalling just as the excellent in human articulation. In any case, if the work of art unequivocally communicates a message of degradation, scorn, or brutality without worthwhile motivation, at that point I question the legitimacy of the message. A counter contention may guarantee that brutal messages communicated through music are only an impression of conditions that as of now exist. Brutality coordinated towards ladies is a choice that misleads the causes from where genuine frailty infer... ...ent and deals of its item. Can similar gauges of examination be applied to any industry that advances poor emotional wellness? For diversion, we have permitted ourselves to go too far and license the corruption of ladies and the proclamation of viciousness against them to turn into the standard. Guardians, people group pioneers, instructors, and performers must cooperate to request keeping up the nobility of all people tended to expressively through music. The nature of expectation ought to be deliberately investigated in music particularly focused towards youths. On the off chance that the goal is to corrupt, downgrade, devalue or decrease another individual or to make an air of silly brutality, we have an ethical commitment not to help its advertising. Â

Writing Positions: Finding a Topic For Your Essay

Writing Positions: Finding a Topic For Your EssayOne of the most difficult parts of getting a good grade in an essay is finding the right topic for your position essay. Positions are similar to essays, with some key differences. The fact is that you need to show your ideas, thoughts and opinions in a clear and effective way.The first thing to remember when writing a good essay is that it must contain interesting ideas and thoughts. This means that you should be able to write a well thought out essay that is not boring or incomprehensible. Good ideas and thoughts should be expressed in a clear, concise and clean manner. Ideas and thoughts that are difficult to read will not help your chances of getting accepted.The next thing you need to remember when searching for a good topic for your position essay is to focus on a variety of topics. One important part of preparing a well-written position essay is having a variety of topics to write about. You may find that the topics are many and varied. However, you can only be in two places at once.If you choose to focus on one topic, it will make it easier for you to present a good idea and to write your thoughts clearly. Of course, you must know that if you do not concentrate on all the topics, you will not be able to get the overall essence of your position essay across in a coherent manner. You will only be able to concentrate on one or two topics and not have enough to say.Another aspect of looking for a good topic is to be familiar with all the different topics that are available. Although, you may not know many different topics, this does not mean that you cannot research them. You can always start by looking through your library to see what subjects are being taught in each school. You can then find more information about each topic so that you can learn more and become familiar with these topics. Researching topics for a position is important. It is much easier to write about interesting topics. Some people may wa nt to look at this as a time to get serious about their position. Others may view this as a time to have fun and learn more about writing. Whatever the reason, you can find yourself a wide variety of topics that you can use to write about.Before choosing a topic, you may want to think about certain things. Do you feel the topic you are researching for is something that interests you? Are you comfortable discussing it in front of a group of people? Of course, you also need to consider whether or not it would be acceptable to ask someone else to write on your topic.Writing a position essay may seem like it takes a lot of time and effort. However, there are ways to prepare yourself so that you can maximize your chances of passing the entrance exam. There are many ways to become familiar with a variety of topics that you can use to write about. One of the best ways to find out what topics will be accepted for an essay is to visit college libraries and look through books on different top ics.

Using a case example analyse a decision made by a nurse in the Essay

Utilizing a case model investigate a choice made by a medical attendant in the work on setting - Essay Example Dynamic in a nursing calling assesses the capacity of an attendant to distinguish and gather basic data in a crisis circumstance, break down on them, recognize proper choices and all the more significantly, actualize those choices in such tricky situations.According to the case introduced, the choice of the medical attendant is to regard the decision of the patient and go with the technique for treatment, as picked by the patient. (Adair 1999) This dynamic procedure has a necessary impact in setting up the most mind boggling of all connections in medicinal services †between a patient and the nurse.The social insurance administrations have improved so much that patients have gotten progressively wary about the methodology taken for their treatment. (Benner 2004) Many of the administrations are altered so that the patient’s endorsement of the procedure taken for their treatment has gotten an unquestionable requirement. In this way, with the developing pattern, individuals h ave begun to comprehend about the various choices accessible for a specific treatment and think about the results of every one of the techniques. (Benner 2001) These means of progress towards social insurance plainly show that dynamic has increased high need among the patients. The changing patterns have ensured that medical caretakers are given full opportunity to extract their obligations and settle on suitable choice. Such self-rule has likewise furnished them with prime obligation. Any choice that could have extreme effect straightforwardly influences the development of their vocation. (Branch of Health Nursing and Midwifery Council 2002) It additionally goes about as one of the methods for estimating a nurse’s commitment towards progress of social insurance. The clinical significance of dynamic procedure is legitimately ascribed towards the improvement of patient consideration. Their basic speculation aptitudes in a clinical field permit them to be effectively receptive to getting a handle on even similarity to circumstances that could help in improving consideration. (Chapman 1994) For this situation study, the patient is a multi year old female filling in as a collaborator in a shop. The patient as got a cut in the proximal phalange on the dorsal part of the center finger. The patient is very speculative towards the idea of needles and stitches and in each chance is agreeable to maintaining a strategic distance from such strategies to treat her. The medical attendant taking care of the case, being an accomplished expert in nursing gave the open door for the patient to settle on stitch and sticking. The medical caretaker specialist didn't neglect to make reference to about the points of interest and outcomes of picking every technique. Given the pressure that the patient acquires about stitch and needles, the patient’s decision for sticking strategy to treat her was regarded and followed. The main goal of the attendant specialist while choo sing the technique for treatment was to regard the decision of the patient. Since the patient was given the subtleties of both the techniques and subsequent to having concluded that the idea of the injury to be a minor one, the patient was given the obligation of self-administration. Furthermore, the rules of the sticking method were effectively fulfilled by the wound’s state and subsequently, the medical attendant had a simple methodology while choosing the treatment. (Tschudin 1994) Several frameworks like the Clinical Decision Support Systems are utilized to help experts while deciding. (DOH 2007) Such frameworks are arranged as information based and non-information based. These frameworks deal with the premise of the data gathered and furthermore on the previous history of the patient to control the professionals to take a ultimate choice. Eventually, these frameworks just assistance in controlling the experts to settle on a choice and they don't finish any choice. (DOH 2 009) The speculations of objective methodology towards clinical dynamic recommend that, choices ought to be made on a drawn out premise, taking in subtleties of the numerical information, the probabilities of various choices and others realities. These frameworks help in gathering those experimental information and consider settling on a choice that is all around thought

Pinnacle case study part ii Essay

The organization is secretly held, however there is a lot of obligation, so the fiscal report - might be utilized widely. Likewise, the executives is thinking about selling the Machine-Tech division, which can possibly bring about broad utilization of the announcement by purchasers. 2. Thing 6 in the arranging stage demonstrates plans for extra obligation financing. Probability of financing troubles: 1. The sunlight based force motor business spins around evolving innovation, in this manner making it innately more hazardous than different business, with a superior possibility of chapter 11. The primary thing in the arranging issues raises a worry about the feasibility of the division, yet not the whole organization. 2. Section 1 of the case was that the probability of monetary disappointment is low, even with the issues of the organization. 3. Thing 9 in the arranging stage requires a present proportion of 2.0 and if fall underneath that, this could bring about the advance being called. The board respectability: No significant issues exist that would make the evaluator question the respectability of the administration. Be that as it may, inspector ought to have done customer acknowledgment strategy before tolerating the customer. There are a couple of components where false financing announcing may happen. b. Worthy review hazard is medium to low due to the elements recorded to a limited extent (an) and the arranged increment in financing and the potential infringement of the obligation contract understanding. This may be low since this is the primary year review. c. 1. Inborn Risk: No impact on inalienable hazard 2. Inborn Risk: The essential concern is the chance of old stock, which influences the valuation of stock at the lower of cost or market. Record Affected: Inventory, cost of products sold Review Objectives: Transaction-related 3. Innate Risk: There is potential related gathering exchange, which couldâ affect the valuation of the exchange, which could influence the valuation of the exchange and may require divulgence as a related gathering exchange. Record influenced: Manufacturing hardware, reference Review goals: Transaction-related, introduction and revelation related 4. Intrinsic Risk: This includes a nonroutine exchange where there is a hazard that materials, work, and overhead are erroneously applied to the property accounts. Record influenced: Property accounts, stock, cost of good sold Audit goals: balance-related 5. Characteristic Risk: There might be a significant assortment issue with extraordinary receivables of 15% from a client for a while. This could bring about a modest representation of the truth of the stipend for uncollectible records. Record influenced: Account receivable, terrible obligation cost, and recompense for uncollectible records. Review destinations: balance-related 6. Characteristic Risk: No impact on inborn hazard 7. Inborn Risk: There might be a related gathering exchange, which could influence valuation of the exchange and may require revelation. Record influenced: Account payable, Repairs cost Review goals: Transaction-related 8. Inborn Risk: This doesn't influence inalienable hazard straightforwardly, yet it is conceivable that the turnover of inside review work force could build the danger of false money related announcing. The turnover may likewise influence the auditor’s appraisal of control chance. Record influenced: All records Review goals: exchange, equalization, introduction and divulgence related 9. Intrinsic Risk: notwithstanding influencing AAR, the evaluator ought to be worried about the danger of false monetary revealing because of impetus to verify that all obligation agreements have been met. Record influenced: All records Review destinations: exchange, parity, introduction and exposure related 10. Characteristic Risk: A continuous question with the IRS may expect change in accordance with personal assessment obligation or a revelation in commentaries for a possibility, contingent upon the status of the debate. Record influenced: Income charge cost and personal assessment payable Review goals: balance-related 11. Intrinsic hazard: This circumstance includes related gathering exchange since this exchange was not directed with an outside gathering. It is conceivable that the related receivable and payable probably won't have been appropriately wiped out on Pinnacle’s united budget summaries. Record influenced: Notes payable, notes receivable, intrigue cost, and intrigue salary. Review destinations: Transaction and equalization related

Creating and maintaining customer loyalty - Free Essay Example

CREATING CUSTOMER LOYALTY   THE CHALLENGE OF TODAYà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢S BUSINESSES ABSTRACT This research considers the challenge of todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s businesses in creating and maintaining customer loyalty. The supermarket sector in particular is considered. Literature and previous research regarding loyalty and various loyalty programmes is first reviewed. A focus group of consumers and loyalty card users was held, focusing on their perception of loyalty and loyalty programmes. Results from the focus group were analysed and compared to data from literature and previous research. Overall conclusions from combined research are that loyalty reward schemes are no longer as effective as when first introduced at directly influencing participant behaviour. Consumers tended to be first most loyal to particular products within a store, then loyal to a specific store in their community, whether part of a national chain or not. Consumers were somewhat loyal to retailer brand a nd less so to particular reward schemes. In general, consumers favoured either lower overall prices or loyalty reductions at the register, rather than point accumulation programmes. INTRODUCTION This study seeks to consider the components that create customer loyalty, and in particular whether loyalty reward schemes are an effective tool in creating loyalty. Literature and previous studies of customer loyalty in general and loyalty reward schemes in particular were reviewed. Considerations were made with specific reference to the supermarket sector, because it is a market highly dependent on repeat-purchases and customer loyalty, and as an industry has participated in loyalty reward schemes. A focus group was then developed of supermarket consumers and loyalty reward programme participants. These consumers were asked a series of open-ended questions, which they then discussed. Their answers were recorded and grouped, where applicable. Findings were analysed and presented in su mmary form, with quantitative data available in Appendix 1 of this study. This research hopes to verify what components create customer loyalty, and how they affect each other and the consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s perception of loyalty to a store or retail brand. It is also anticipated to generate relevant data regarding consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ attitudes towards loyalty reward schemes. Much of the data attesting to the effectiveness of such data is from three or more years ago, and does not take into consideration the market saturation existing in the loyalty scheme sector, or that the novelty of such programmes has worn off for some consumers. It is anticipated that other, more traditional factors may be found to be more important in creating and maintaining customer loyalty than the reward schemes introduced in the past fifteen years. LITERATURE REVIEW Loyalty is both a business strategy and a consumer perception. As a business strategy, the importance of customer loyal ty and repeat purchases is relative to the type of business (Fill 2004). The need for retuning customers is less important to a firm selling retirement cottages, for example, than the supermarket trying to capture customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ weekly spend. Loyalty is earned through several factors: quality merchandise for a reasonable price, company or label status, attentive informed sales help, and adequate after sale follow-up. A positive combination of these factors (not every loyalty-building purchase requires all four) gives customers the perception of a fulfilling purchase experience, and increases the likelihood they will buy again (Uncles, Dowling and Hammond 2003). Research has shown the customer experiences loyalty as an attitude established over time (Woodruff and Gardial 1996). Customers first try a particular retailer. If the retailer satisfies a threshold percentage of their needs and expectations, the customer is likely to return (Woodruff and Gardial 1996). Over t ime, the customer develops shopping habits related to the particular store, which may include but are not limited to location of particular products in the store, purchase of store brands, participation in reward schemes, low-context relationships with store personnel, habitual stops at the store (such as on the way home from work), and participation in various secondary services (such as purchasing cosmetic items or using an in-shop florist). The store-specific shopping experience becomes a customer habit, and will continue in the form of repeat-purchase behaviour until something occurs to affect the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s habit (Woodruff and Gardial 1996). A number of studies by both stores and independent researchers have focused on this process of customer loyalty, with the explosive growth in loyalty reward schemes in recent years a particular consideration. In the past ten years, the UK retail sector has seen loyalty programmes grow from a handful to over sixty (Byrom, Hernadez and Benison 2001). Where once grocers competed with perhaps one or two other stores in their immediate geographic area, the instruction of large national chains and superstores has created an oligopoly environment in the sector (Mistry 2005). As differentiation is difficult and repeat-purchase customers vital in the supermarket sector, loyalty programmes were started to try to win new customers by breaking their prior shopping habits, to retain existing customers, and to encourage customers to consolidate their spend at one market (Shabi 2003). There are three primarily types of loyalty programmes. Some loyalty schemes are offered by a specific manufacturer, and award discounts or rewards solely for the purchase of products made by that firm. Schemes that require a consumer to save box-tops or points from the side of the carton are an example of this type of loyalty programme. Some retailers issue cards, which provide consumers discounts at the register or allow them to accumulate points towards a discount or special purchase. Points or discounts may only be earned and redeemed at that particular retailer. The Somerfield Saver Card is an example of this type of loyalty programme. A third type of loyalty scheme is the multi-retailer card, such as the Nectar card. This allows consumers to receive discounts or accumulate points at a number of partnering retailers. Supermarkets either operate their own retailer-specific loyalty programme or participate in a multi-retailer scheme (Uncles, Dowling and Hammond 2003 ). Loyalty cards have been shown to draw new customers, primarily by offering them a reason to try another store. The cards also have been shown to increase purchase consolidation, with customers using loyalty reward cards increasing their average spend by sixteen to twenty-eight percent (Rowley 2005). It is important to note these results were more strongly documented at the outset of the loyalty schemes, recent data indicates loyalty prog rammes are less successful at all three than when the schemes were first implemented (Rowley 2005). Loyalty cards are now viewed as supplementary in customer acquisition and retention; cards canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t replace quality product, low price, or responsive, professional staff (Mistry 2005). The most significant benefit to retailers of loyalty reward schemes is the data gathered by such programmes. This data can be used for a loyalty strategy, but is of possibly more benefit to retailers in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s market as a market analysis tool (Fill 2004). Some supermarkets use the data for decisions that do affect customer loyalty, such as which products to carry or where to shelve products (Shabi 2003). These decisions usually have an ulterior motive of profit, however. A supermarket is likely to plan its products, presentation, and prices for the shopper who regularly buys high-return items. The store is unlikely to make decisions to encourage loyalty from the shoppe r who only purchases items on sale or those with little profit margin. Stores interested in high-quality, detailed market analysis should definitely consider loyalty reward programmes as one very effective way to gather such data. However, stores truly aiming at customer loyalty will place loyalty reward programmes in a category of less importance (Shabi 2003). Loyalty has been shown to develop over time through quality products, reasonable prices, and service that meets or exceeds customer expectations (Brassington and Pettitt 2003). These expectations are of particular importance. For loyalty to build, store marketing must fit with its products and services to offer a shopping experience that meets or exceeds customer expectation. For example, the expectations of a customer at Tesco are different from the expectations of a customer at Asda. Asda is a discount supermarket, and customer expectations hinge greatly on price. Tesco, on the other hand, markets itself on value and ser vice. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“No-one tries harder for their customers,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Tesco claims, we à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“treat people how we like to be treatedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Tesco 2005). It is important to develop marketing strategy, including the loyalty component, based on clear differentiation between stores, and resulting creation of realistic customer expectation (Fill 20 04). In the end, loyalty returns to the three components of product, price, and people. If all three of these are adequately executed and realistically communicated to the customer, loyalty will develop over time. METHODS AND METHODOLOGY Two main types of data analysis were performed in the course of this research. The first was secondary research, reviewing findings from previous studies of loyalty and loyalty schemes. This was taken from recent literature, including journals, news articles, websites, and books. It included literature related to loyalty schemes and customer loyalty in general, as well as res earch focused specifically on the grocery and supermarket sector. Retailers in general and supermarkets in particular were found to broadly support loyalty programmes. Studies indicate they believe these schemes encouraged shoppers to spend more at their stores. More importantly, loyalty schemes generated data that could be used for both broad and detailed market analysis. Both of these were seen as being valuable to retailers. There was concern loyalty schemes were not as effective as they were a few years ago, and that retailers have begun rewarding customers for purchases they would have made regardless of loyalty rewards. Overall, loyalty as a concept was seen as actions resulting from attitude toward and perceptions of a particular store or brand. On a retailer level, it included loyalty reward programmes in combination with the service, product selection, and price provided by the supermarket. These factors together led to a gradual development of loyalty to a particular st ore. Information culled from this initial study revealed that consumers also perceive loyalty cards and programmes as being beneficial to them. However, there is evidence of some market saturation in the loyalty sector. Consumers were not as influenced in their shopping habits as they were several years ago. In addition, repeat-purchase shopping (such as at the supermarket, where the customer buys a similar trolley each week) was most affected by product loyalty, followed distantly by store loyalty and retailer brand loyalty. With a few exceptions, loyalty programmes were not considered a comparatively major component of the customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s purchase decision. The above information was used to develop a plan for a consumer and loyalty card user focus group to consider loyalty and supermarket retailers. It was hoped the group would reinforce and add to the findings of previous research. A series of questions was developed regarding brand loyalty, store loyalty, parti cipation in loyalty schemes, benefits and drawbacks of loyalty programmes, how brand and store loyalty could be increased, how loyalty schemes could be improved, and perceptions and recommendations regarding privacy and loyalty programmes. The group began with a short questionnaire to gather some basic demographic and loyalty data. Participants were then asked to introduce themselves and share the information on the questionnaire with the group. Finally, the format of the focus group was explained. The group was tape-recorded, with an observer also making notes during the session. Participants were asked a series of questions by the moderator (not one of the twelve participants), and given approximately ten minutes to discuss each question. Each was provided the complete list of questions in print before the moderator began. These were open questions, with no sample answers provided, which allowed recording of participantsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ uninfluenced opinions and perceptions. These responses were later grouped, where appropriate. For some questions, participants could make multiple responses; the nature of other questions required them to generate a single response. The group occasionally drifted off the subject presented, and in these cases the moderator asked follow-up or redirecting questions when necessary during the group session. Both the moderator and research observer were careful not to influence participant input by affirming or opposing their contributions; questions, including follow-up and redirecting, were open ended. For example, the moderator would ask à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“What is your perception of privacy guarantees offered by those controlling loyalty data?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  rather than à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Are you concerned about violations of privacy by those controlling loyalty data?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  It is important to note an issue of group dynamics that effected quantitative results. First, there were three fairly dominant members of the g roup who occasionally tried to influence other group members to agree with one or more of them. In these instances, the research observerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s notes, in combination with the tape recording of the session, were used to determine whether the participant had willingly changed his or her view, or appeared to be placating a dominant group member. For example, one younger woman originally stated Somerfield was her favourite loyalty programme, because à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“you donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have to fiddle with points or keep track of them.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  She lucidly went on to explain her distasted for tracking and redeeming points in other loyalty schemes. She was opposed, however, by a middle-aged woman, who forcibly countered each of the younger womanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s reasons, with an implication that tracking and redeeming points was easy and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ shouldnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t bother anyone.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  The younger woman finally changed her favourite loya lty scheme to Tesco, the same one as the middle-aged woman, but it appeared she did so more to avoid conflict than as a conscious change of opinion. Where this type of group dynamic was observed, notations were added to data (see Appendix 1). Two forms of data were collected from the group. Membersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ answers to each question generating numeric responses were quantified and recorded. The numeric information from these answers appears in Appendix 1 of this research. For questions soliciting names or descriptions, the most common cited were listed. Where participants did not respond to a specific question or responded in such a way that quantification was not possible, their response section was left blank. These blanks were not considered in data calculations. Items recorded were offered by group participants in response to open-ended questions; no questions offered answers. Secondly, specific comments that the researcher considered particularly relevant were noted for each question. These are used to reinforce numeric data, and are included where appropriate in the Results and Analysis section of this study. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS The consumer and loyalty card user focus group consisted of twelve adults, ages twenty-two to sixty-seven. There were five men and seven women; nine of the participants were currently married or living together and seven had children at home. One participant had an elderly parent in their care. There were no couples within the group, those with spouses attended without them. Six participants stated they did all the grocery shopping in their households, three did at least half of the shopping, and three shopped occasionally. One group member was not enrolled in any loyalty programmes, although he stated he believed his wife had had a Safeway ABC card at one time. Two group members had more than ten loyalty cards; the average number of cards per participant was 7.3. The most common loyalty schemes participants wer e enrolled in were Tesco Clubcard, Nectar, Somerfield Saver, and Boots Advantage. The questions first dealt with whether participants were most loyal to product manufacturer, particular store, store brand (chain), or loyalty programme. Group members stated strong manufacturer preference on certain products, but not on others. Several participants stated they or members of their households would only use one brand of coffee or ketchup, for example. This applied to individual products by individual manufacturers, and appeared highly personal taste. This type of loyalty did not appear to affect the overall shopping experience or retailer loyalty, except in combination with price differentiation. Enough specific manufacturer products offered at a lower price were recognised as a reason to change supermarkets. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“If a new store opened with what we buy for less, of course Ià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢d change.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Indeed, eleven indicated they were quite wiling to jump sh ip if another store offered the same manufacturerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s products at lower pri ces. The individual store was slightly more important than retailer brand. This was most important to one participant who shopped at a non-chain local grocer. This gentleman stated he was retired, and he and his wife shop several times each week. They particularly appreciated conversations with store personnel, some of whom they have à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“known for years.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Seeing friends and neighbours was also an important part of the manà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s shopping experience. The social and proximity aspects of the local grocer were the most important to generating store loyalty for this participant. Another participant who found individual store most important was a young woman with three small children. She indicated the convenience of the store to her home and accommodations for the children such as special trolleys were significant in her shopping decision. It would appear fr om these two examples that individual store loyalty is enhanced by specific services and pe rsonal relationship. There was significant variety amongst participants in the number of supermarkets they visited regularly. One group member shopped at four to six different supermarkets in any given month. She indicated she did this to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“get the good sales. You can save on different [products] at each.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Three group members regularly shop at three different supermarkets, for the same reason. Most group members indicated they shopped at two supermarkets, usually one chain or major retailer for the bulk of their shopping and a local grocer for the occasional item between major shopping trips. One participant only shopped at a store near her home, citing convenience as the primary cause of her shopping decision. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“I canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be bother to go all over for 50p.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  None of the participants recognised the need of a jolt or catal yst of some kind to change their shopping habits. Analysing these preferences, the shopper who frequented four to six supermarke ts would be the most likely to try a new store, but the most expensive to acquire as a customer who bought their entire trolley there. To keep her and most of her spend, the supermarket would have to provide extensive selection yet significantly under price its competitors on almost every item, which given the narrow profit margin on many food items is unlikely. The majority of participants, who shopped at two stores each month, would be the target customers in a loyalty change. The retailer would have to first lure them over to the new store, then keep them shopping there for a long enough period of time until a new shopping habit was established. While loyalty reward programmes accomplished this in the 1990s, it is questionable whether one would do so now, unless it offered tremendous savings. The cost to the retailer to offer such savings would then cal l into question the benefit of such program, particularly regarding short-term profitability. Only one participant was most influenced by retailer brand. This man, who is single without children, also indicated a high preference for online shopping. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“At Sainsbury onlineà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ you can get wine delivered to your door.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  He also listed brand selection at any Sainsbury store as a positive factor in his shopping decision, as was similar layouts store to store, which made it easier to quickly find his products of choice. An insightful comment was made by one participant that perhaps this is why many national chains look the same inside and out. He felt this could be a way of encouraging customers to shop there, as it looks just like another store by the same retailer that they frequent. There was some discussion of negative perceptions related to retailer brand. One participant recounted a rude experience at Tesco, which influences her decision n ot to shop there anymore. Some indicated they did not shop discount supermarkets due to lack of desired products and manufacturers; although there was no particular consensus as to which particular products and manufacturers were most desirable. The perceived status of shopping at a particular retailer (primarily negative in relation to discount supermarkets), store cleanliness, and quality of store brands were all discussed. None of the participants cited loyalty programmes as their prime determinate of shopping choice, although all found some benefit in such schemes. Saving money was the prime benefit, with special offers in exchange for points a distant second. Additionally, benefits were described as less of an incentive than when loyalty schemes were first introduced. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“I used to pay more attention to points and such. Not so much now. If youà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ve a card for everywhere, it doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t matter so much where you shop.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  E ight group members preferred reward schemes that gave discounts directly at the time of purchase. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Somerfield has good produce, and you donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have to earn pointsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ They give the discount when you buy.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  This was significant as the most popular loyalty schemes cited by group members were those requiring redeeming points rather than those offering discount at time of purchase. Three participants preferred point reward schemes, primarily due to larger rewards. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Boots gives 4p. It doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t get better. One group member had no preference regarding either scheme. The prime drawbacks of loyalty schemes included having to count and redeem points, forgetting the card, and privacy concerns. The first two of these were not presented as major drawbacks, but more as minor irritations. Four group members disliked having to earn a certain number of points to quality for a reward, as well as the process of re deeming their rewards. It is significant that all four stated this did not keep them from participating in points-earned reward programmes. Privacy, however, was a concern amongst at least six of the participants, who felt the programmes collected a significant amount of information. Only one of these indicated he felt the information to be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Very personal,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  whilst ten participants found the information to be à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Somewhat personal.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  It is of note that participants first discussed the amount of information collected, then how personal the information. Several group members became more concerned about privacy as the conversation progressed. This was particularly true of three group members who appeared to have little recollection or had not much considered the information they were revealing to loyalty card retailers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Did you have to put your employment on the application? I donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t remember that. It was so long ago.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“But theyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢re not allowed to put it out, are they?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Several agreed they were more aware of privacy issu es since Home Secretary David Blunkett brandished a Nectar card and raised the issue earlier this year. Most group members found the organisations that control loyalty data to be at least à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Somewhat trustworthy,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  although none could name the controlling bodies of Nectar or other multi-retailer programmes, when this was brought up by a group member. As discussion progressed, several participants indicated they were more comfortable with an individual retailerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s loyalty scheme than one run by a third-party company. None indicated, however, that this concern had or would affect their purchasing and shopping decisions. Participants believed the main use of loyalty cards was to encourage them to shop more at a particular store. They felt the store then rewa rded them for spending more money. Discussion at one point drifted off into how much reward was offered by different stores. The conversation then moved to the targeted advertisements and coupons all participants agreed they had received in one form or another. Of note the group member who did not have any loyalty cards also indicated he received some targeted advertising, although he could not trace it to a loyalty scheme. Most participants found these advertisements helpful, and believed they assisted in increasing store loyalty. One participant was somewhat offended by the mailings, although she used the coupons and sales information provided to plan her purchase decisions. Two participants did not comment during the discussion. There was brief mention of using information from loyalty cards to plan sales at the close of the dis cussion. It is of note that none of the participants mentioned customer profiling or data analysis as a reason for loyalty schemes. They were much more f ocused on reasons that truly influenced customer loyalty. Group members felt that price and product were the two keys to improving customer loyalty, with eleven mentioning price and ten mentioning higher quality products as leading to improvements in loyalty. Participants stated they also preferred discounts at the register as the means of receiving loyalty rewards, although most shopped supermarkets with points earned towards rewards schemes rather than those with discounts. Several mentioned the need for courteous and informed staff, particularly who could and would assist customers when asked to do so. One participant had had a particularly unpleasant experience in a dirty store during a visit out of town, and mentioned she would never go in that particular store again. CONCLUSION This research set out to evaluate how loyalty was created, focusing on the supermarket industry and their use of loyalty reward programmes. Literature and previous research on loyalty, loyalty reward schemes, and the supermarket sector was reviewed to achieve an overview of topics, controversies, and trends. A focus group of supermarket consumers was then developed and held to discuss loyalty and loyalty-related issues. The focus group consisted of twelve participants, who discussed questions presented by a moderator. The questions were open, requiring the participants to generate answers rather than pick from a list. Data gathered from the participantsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ discussions was quantified, analysed and presented. The most significant finding was that group members considered quality and price, and to some extent service, as more important to customer loyalty than loyalty programmes. Most used loyalty cards during their regular food shopping, but indicated the cards were more likely to reward them for something they would do regardless, rather than be a catalyst for new or changed behaviour. This finding suggests loyalty card schemes should not be viewed as a w ay to build customer loyalty so much as a way to access valuable, relevant customer and market data. This places loyalty reward programmes at a different position within organisationsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ marketing and loyalty strategies. Another finding was the importance of loyalty to manufacturers of specific products. This was by far the most passionate of all the group discussions. While most participants were only strongly motivated by a few products, their loyalty to these products was high. The group had lengthy discussion of coffee and ketchup, in particular. After manufacturer product, the group was most loyal to individual store, rather than retailer brand. Personal relationships, special services, and convenience were all factors in loyalty to a particular store location. Most participants focused on the benefits of loyalty programmes, with little awareness of how their privacy could be violated or information misused. They did state they felt somewhat safe with the a mount of information and personal nature of the information they had provided to loyalty programme operators. All group members except one agreed that quality products at a lower price would cause them change stores. Quality of product was stated to be more important than selection within the supermarket sector, although none of the participants stated they had experienced significant selection issues in the past, so this may not have been properly considered. In general, these two components were considered the basis for establishing and improving customer loyalty. Loyalty programmes were simply icing on the cake, so to speak. Group members preferred loyalty programmes that gave them discounts at the register to those that accrued points, if the value of the rewards were equal. Otherwise they preferred the programme that provided the highest reward. Staff and service were also recognised as important contributors to store loyalty. Overall, product, price and service were seen as the keys to customer loyalty by group members. Loyalty reward programmes were appreciated, but not considered primary in creating or maintaining customer loyalty. BIBLIOGRAPHY Brassington, F., and Pettitt S. (2003). The Principles of Marketing, 3rd Edition. Financial Times Management, London. Byrom, J. (2001). The role of loyalty card data within local marketing initiatives. International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 333-342 Byrom, J., Hernandez, T., Bennison, D. (2001). Exploring the geographical dimension in loyalty card data. Marketing Intelligence Planning, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 162-170. Cross, R., and Smith, J. (1995). Customer Bonding. NTC Publishing, Lincolnwood, IL, USA. Fill, C. (2004). Marketing Communication: Contexts, Concepts and Strategy. Prentice Hall, London. Graeff, T., Harmon, S. (2002). Collecting and using personal data: consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ awareness and concerns. Journal of Consumer Marketing, vo l. 19, no. 4, pp. 302-318. Mistry, B., (2005). A question of loyalty. Marketing, London, 2 March 2005 [online]. Available at www.emeraldinsight.com, accessed 26 March 2005. Quilter, J., (2005). Why Boots must take Advantage of its data. Precision Marketing, London, 11 February 2005, p. 11. Rowley, J. (2005). Building brand webs: Customer relationship management through the Tesco Clubcard loyalty scheme. International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 194-206. Shabi, R. (2003). The card up their sleeve. The Guardian, London, 19 July 2003 [online]. Available at www.guardian.co.uk, accessed 26 March 2005. Tesco (2005). Tesco. Company website. Available at www.tesco.com, accessed 26 March 2005. Uncles, M., Dowling, G., Hammond, K. (2003). Customer loyalty and customer loyalty programs. Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 294-316. Woodruff, R., and Gardial, S. (1996). Know your customer: New approaches to understanding cus tomer value and satisfaction. Blackwell, Oxford. APPENDIX 1 FOCUS GROUP QUESTIONS AND RESULTS 1.What is more important to you, the particular manufacturer of product you purchase, prices of products at a store, the specific store in which you shop, the retailer or chain of store in which you shop, or the loyalty reward programme available at a retailer? Prices5 Manufacturer (product selection)4 Specific store2 Retailer / chain1 Loyalty programme0 2.Who are your favourite manufacturer(s)? Favourite supermarkets? Favourite loyalty programmes? Manufacturers: Various too many to group / list Supermarkets: Tesco4**Note: One participant had Boots3two favourites. Sainsbury2 Somerfield1 Asda1 Other2* Loyalty programmes:Tesco7 Boots Advantage3 Nectar1 Somerfield1 Note: One participant recorded for Tesco originally cited Somerfield. 3.At how many supermarkets do you regularly shop (more than once per month)? Four or more1 Three3 Two 7 One1 4.What might influence you to shop at a different store or try a different manufacturerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s product? Price9 Quality of products9 Coupon or discount7 Recommendation from friend / relative5 Advertisement4 Convenience2 5.What type of loyalty programme do you prefer? Discount at time of purchase8 Accumulating points3 No preference1 6.What do you think are the benefits of loyalty reward schemes? Saving money12 Special offers 5 7.What are the drawbacks? Privacy10 Keeping track of points 4 Having to carry the card 1 8.How much information do you think shops collect through loyalty schemes? Significant information7 Some information3 Little information0 Not sure2 Note: Four participants were originally à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Not Sure.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  Two participants who first stated they were à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Not Sureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  changed their opinion through the course of group discussi on, one to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Some Informationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and one to à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Significant Information.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  9.How do you think they use this information? Encourage customer to buy there8 Send advertisements5 Decide which items to put on sale4 10.How personal do you consider data that could be collected through loyalty schemes? Very personal 1 Somewhat personal10 Not personal 0 Not sure 1 11.What is your perception of privacy guarantees offered by those controlling loyalty data? Very trustworthy1 Somewhat trustworthy8 Not trustworthy2 Not sure1 12.If you were a retailer, what would you do to improve customer loyalty? Lower prices11 Higher quality products10 Discounts at register 9 More products 4 Train staff (courtesy) 4 Clean store 1

List of Controversial Criminal Justice Research Paper Topics Ideas

List of Controversial Criminal Justice Research Paper Topics Ideas Criminal justice, criminology, and law students get a lot to learn and to remember during their study years. Apart from that, they need to write a lot of academic works starting from a short argumentative essay and finishing with a serious thesis. Often they get assigned with topics, but there are scenarios when they are free to choose what to research. Its where some students struggle a bit. Some cannot decide what direction to choose as there are so many themes and topics to investigate and some just need a list of basic topics to get their inspiration from. If you are either asked to choose a controversial criminal justice topic or want to find one for a research yourself, there are many fields and angles to dig into. The main characteristic feature in a good controversial paper is that it should bring in a discussion; usually, there are two or more groups of people advocating opposite opinions about some matter. You can either choose a side to support or objectively describe an issue from different angles. So, let’s take a look at different possible controversial criminal justice research paper ideas. Police topics Ethical issues of the police system in America. The loudest police brutality cases. Police role in prevention of domestic crimes. Neighbor patrol: can citizen help policemen? Police corruption in the third world countries. Different crimes Is cybercrime as serious as crimes in real life? The history of hate crime in the USA. The correlation of crime rate and streetlights. The most famous serial killers of 21 century. Research proposal on identity theft. Juvenile Crimes Most controversial aspects of juvenile courts. Should underage repeat offenders be trialed as adults? What are the ways to prevent juvenile crimes? Cases of teen subculture members committing crimes. Street youth gangs: how to stop them? Drugs Topic Ideas Marijuana legalization: good and bad sides. Should drugged offenders be trialed differently? Drug selling at schools: ways to prevent and fight this issue. Anxiety pills, sedatives, depressants – can such medicine be dangerous? The problem of drugs among policemen. Racial issues: Most famous cases of race crime in our century. Racial issues in the American Justice System. Punishment options for KKK and similar groups. What is racial profiling and what’s its role in different countries? Punishments and prisons: How should female jails differ from the male ones? The issue of drug addiction in prison. The real cases of the death penalty on innocent people. Countries with the cruelest crime punishments. Healthcare peculiarities in prisons. Education in prisons. The connection between capital punishments and crime rates. Sexual crimes: Prevention of rape in college dorms. Ways of fighting domestic violence. Human trafficking in Europe and Slavic countries. Online predators: how to identify and avoid. Are there fewer sexual crimes in more religious countries? Justice System Topics: Should justice system rethink the punishment for mentally unstable criminals? The most famous cases of sentencing innocent people. The criminal justice system in Africa. Should there be more pro-bono cases per lawyer? What would I change in the current justice system in the USA? Researching a controversial criminal justice topic is a very interesting task. Hopefully, at least one of the topics has inspired you for your own investigation for the class. If you still find too difficult to go into, though, we can help!

Background Information About The Agency Essay - 1154 Words

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Essay on The Clouds and the History of Peloponnesian War

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The life of the Greek philosopher Socrates (469-399 BC) marks such a critical point in Western thought that standard histories divide Greek philosophy into pre-Socratic and post-Socratic periods. Socrates left no writings of his own, and his work has inspired almost as many different interpretations as there have been interpreters. He remains one of the most important andRead MoreAristophanes Charge And Socrates 1876 Words   |  8 PagesAristophanes’ Charge and Socrates’ apologia Aristophanes’ Clouds , a satirical comedy, presents the conflict between politics and philosophy, considering philosophy as a destructive influence upon the life of the polis and harmful to the civic virtue which is significant in maintaining the stability in political order. In the play, Aristophanes depicted Socrates as an investigator of the thing aloft, as a teacher of how to make the weaker speech the stronger, and as a disbeliever in Zeus and theRead MoreSocrates : Not Guilty1610 Words   |  7 Pagesagainst Socrates comes down to establishing the validity of the second charge, that of impiety. To the Greeks, an accusation of impiety was a serious matter, especially in light of recent events. The Athenians had suffered a great loss in the Peloponnesian War, and two failed oligarchic governments had added to the misery of the citizens. It was a time of great uncertainty and, therefore, any behavior that seemed to question anything about the traditional gods was bound to attract attention. SocratesRead MoreEducational Theory of Socrates4392 Words   |  18 Pagesworking class family. It is not documented what his father did for a living but the general opinion is that he was a stonemason and his mother was believed to have been a midwife. Socrates fought for Athens in the Peloponnesian war sometimes participating in the politics that ensued after the war had finished. He married and raised one child with his wife but it is thought that he had another two children with his second wife. It was after this that he started to develop his thoughts and theories. He beganRead MoreSocrates Summary2196 Words   |  9 Pagessoldier in the Peloponnesian War with Sparta, but in later years became a devotee of philosophy and argument. He spent years in the public places of Athens, engaging his fellow citizens in philosophical discussions and urging them to greater self-analysis. Socrates s iconoclastic attitude didn t sit well with everyone, and at age 70 he was charged with heres y and corruption of local youth. Convicted, he carried out the death sentence by drinking hemlock, becoming one of history s earliest martyrs

Mark Twain s The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn And The...

An icon- a person who stands as a symbolic representative, as a mortal embodiment of a widely known field or characteristic- there are icons for nearly every conceivable concept in the known universe. In American literature, Mark Twain claims the title. He is a paragon of the ideals that are ascribed to what a(n) (American) writer should be; his humor, his fluid and flexible writing, his ability to portray emotion and passion via ink on dead slices of trees is a mirror image of the- alleged- freedom that America purports. Even in death, his penname is renown- his autobiography a jumbled, yet appealing mess that was released 100 years after his expiration. Out of the numerous writers in America, Mark Twain is the enigmatic stand-out. Mark Twain- also known as Samuel Clemens- was an author known best for his fictional novels: â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† and â€Å"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.† His field of profession, being an author, was precarious at best. Writing, especially fictional stories, was and is a talent, not a taught skill. An imaginative, creative, and original mind with the ability to properly convey those ideas is a rarity. Writing fictional stories is a fickle and uncertain industry- it is possible to teach a person the process of open heart surgery, but it is impossible to teach originality. Becoming an author is a long and arduous process that includes finding a publisher who wants to promote the story, releasing the story at the right time (forShow MoreRelatedMark Twain s The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn And The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer1226 Words   |  5 PagesMark Twain, American humorist and novelist, captured a world audience with stories of boyhood adventure and with commentary on man s shortcomings that is humorous even while it probes, often bitterly, the roots of human behavior. His writing, Shelley Fisher Fishkin who is one of the leading scholars on the work of Mark Twain in American culture and literature observes, involves an entreaty to rethink, reevaluate and reformulate the terms in which one defines both personal and national identityRead MoreMark Twain : Seeing America s Flaws1593 Words   |  7 PagesMark Twain: Seeing America’s Flaws â€Å"You don’t know about me, without you have read a book by the name of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer , but that ain’t no matter. That book was made by Mr. Mark Twain and he told the truth, mainly. There was things he stretched, but mainly he told the truth† (qtd. in Jones 237). That was the very first line in Mark Twain’s controversial book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Samuel L. Clemens, as a young boy, grew up on the Mississippi and learned the ways of southernRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is onlyRead MoreCindy Lam. Mrs. Johnson . English Ii, Period 5 . 31 March1188 Words   |  5 PagesCindy Lam Mrs. Johnson English II, Period 5 31 March 2017 Mark Twain’s View on Education Through Huck and Tom A unique man once stated, â€Å"Don’t let schooling interfere with your education† and that was the author himself, Mark Twain through the constant mentioning of education in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. In the novel, Jim, a runaway slave, is imprisoned in a shack on the Phelps’ plantation. Just after, Huck and Tom, the two best friends meet up and both agree to help rescue Jim. TheRead MoreMark Twain s The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn2015 Words   |  9 Pagesthe latter nineteenth century, the famous author Mark Twain, less commonly known as Samuel Clemens, produced The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. A few years prior to the publishing of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain released possibly his most famous book, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, which is very much an adventure novel. In the early chapters of Twain’s sequel, it appears that ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬ The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is another adventure novel, and that it is just following a differentRead MoreThe Adventures of Tom Sawyer600 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Tom Sawyer: A novel written by Samuel Langhorne Clemens also more commonly known as Mark Twain. Samuel was born in 1835 in what he called â€Å"the almost invisible village† in Florida, Missouri. In his younger years he and his family moved to Hannibal Missouri on the Mississippi River. He later used this town as his fictional town of St. Petersburg in â€Å"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer†. While Samuel Clemens was savoring all of his fame he and his family were living in Hartford, ConnecticutRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn And Its Characterization951 Words   |  4 PagesBouchey Eng. Hon. 2nd 3 March 2016 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and its Characterization In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, there is a large use of characterization to develop the characters and is influenced by the time period. Mark Twain was born in 1835, and lived to see the Civil War start. This is a big influence on his writing, because his two most famous works, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. They both take place in the time beforeRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain983 Words   |  4 Pageswrite. A person must be able to know when is the appropriate moment to say a certain something. This is Mark Twain is criticized about his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a novel about a runaway orphan boy named Huckleberry Finn who is accompanied by a runaway slave named Jim. As they sail down the Mississippi Rive, together they encounter problems and life lessons. Throughout this novel Twain uses the term â€Å"nigger† because of this there has been a controversy about whether the n-word shouldRead MoreMark Twain Is The Pen Name Used By American Writer1879 Words   |  8 Pages2014 Mark Twain Mark Twain is the pen name used by American writer Samuel Langhorn Clemens. Twain is an iconic American author and humorist who used both his personal struggles and gifts as a writer, to impact society from the nineteenth century into the present. He came from a large family and was born in Florida, Missouri, and lived from 1835 to 1910. Two of Mark Twain’s works which become a staple of his career were The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and the sequel The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1423 Words   |  6 Pages secret slavery is still going on. In this book The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain was a prime example of how most children were raised to be and how it produced a wrong perception on slaves. Mark Twain wrote The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn because of a direct effect off of his personal experiences in his time. Any difference in another human shouldn’t determine greeting or befriending another person was the message Mark Twain was trying to send was due to the struggles he seen a

Corruption and Hypocrisy in Geoffrey Chaucer’s The...

In Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, the prioress’s behavior can be interpreted as being part of the change occurring within religious institutions, which were changing to allow for freedom of thought and individual choice, as the nun does when she takes the liberty of customizing her fine garb by wearing it with beads and a gold brooch. The nun is one of the first characters to be given a name and as such is identified as being an individual, and not just seen as being a nun. The nun’s deviation from expected behavior and norms can thus be seen as a positive trait which Chaucer praises as women became more independent and redefined their own roles in society. Excessive understatement, negative imagery, and refined diction, however†¦show more content†¦Though the prioress is a religious figure who is suppose to be practicing moderation, piousness, and charity, she is instead refining behavior that is expected of the courts, which is unnecessary i n religious institutions. The extensive description of her elegant attire and courtly manners paints a portrait of excessive pompousness and arrogance. The extravagance of the nun’s clothes also shows that rather than living in humble poverty, the nun is living a lavish life, which portrays her in a corrupt light because she does not abide by the teachings of the convent. The nun further demeans religious codes through her obsession with worldliness. The nun’s boundless love for her dogs, and the tears that she sheds for animals demean the respect and love that she should be directing towards God because she shows that she loves the material more than she does anything else. Her brooch that reads â€Å"Amor vincit omnia† (162) is a display of her affection towards worldly material items because her love is imprinted on her brooch instead of being expressed through her actions. The nun’s focus on worldly items reflects the corruption that was overtaking re ligious institutions as more individuals within it began to incorporate the ambitions and ideals of aristocracy into their religious practices. Negative imagery is used by Chaucer to undermine the effects of the narrator’s words. The manners practiced by the prioress are described byShow MoreRelatedThe Use Of Satire In The Canterbury Tales By Geoffrey Chaucer1406 Words   |  6 Pages Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales, using his characters as the mouthpiece for his iconoclastic views. Chaucer had serious issues with the hypocrisy of the church as well as, many other sacred institutions. The only reason that Chaucer was not exiled or even imprisoned for his views is the way in which he exposed them. Through the allegorical meanings of this text and Chaucer’s claim that he is simply retelling the events of his pilgrimage to Canterbury as it occurred, Chaucer is savedRead More Chaucers Canterbury Tales2103 Words   |  9 Pagesof which he was born into. Geoffr ey Chaucer served most of his life in the employment of the crown, as both a soldier and a clerk. Yet through all of these titles, Chaucer would be forever immortalized as Geoffrey Chaucer the writer, and the Satirist. The true goal of any Satire is to point out the flaws in certain aspect of society, while also inspiring reform to that very same aspect in one way or another. In Chaucer’s Canterbury tales, Chaucer satirizes the corruption Catholic Church and thoseRead MoreThe Canterbury Tales : An Analysis Of Medieval Life By Geoffrey Chaucer939 Words   |  4 PagesCanterbury Tales: An Analysis of Medieval Life by Geoffrey Chaucer The Canterbury Tales is strongly considered one of the greatest works in medieval literature. An admirer of Chaucer, and the author of Chaucer and the Fifteenth Century, H.S. Bennett describes Chaucer’s unique style as, â€Å"No detail was too small for him to observe, and from it he could frequently draw, or suggest, conclusions which would have escaped many.† While The Canterbury Tales was originally intended to be an epic poemRead MoreEssay on Chaucers: The Pardoners Corruption Tale866 Words   |  4 Pagescentury by Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales bursts its way into the literary world, and quickly made its mark as one of the early English masterpieces. Its poetic verses often disguised the disdain that Chaucer possessed for the hypocritical behaviors that were (and in many ways still are) present with the religious leaders. Throughout this lyrical writing, Chaucer tackles the opulent monk, the corrupt friar, and the flirtatious nun. However, the Pard oner is one of Geoffrey Chaucers more difficultRead MoreAnalysis Of The General Prologue To The Canterbury Tales Essays1044 Words   |  5 Pagesin this practice. Geoffrey Chaucer, one of the most important writers in English literature, was the author of The Canterbury Tales, an elaborate poem about the religious pilgrimage of twenty nine people to Canterbury. In the General Prologue Chaucer introduces each individual along for the journey. Through The Canterbury Tales, we discover the hypocrisy and virtues Chaucer narrates in his characters and can appreciate the nuances in this superior piece of literature. Geoffrey Chaucer, born inRead MoreAnalysis Of The Canterbury Tales1157 Words   |  5 PagesThe Canterbury Tales, written by English poet Geoffrey Chaucer, is arguably the most notable yet controversial work of British Literature. Known as the Father of British Literature, Chaucer ultimately revolutionized both the English language and literature by refusing to follow the status quo and writing his works in Middle English instead of the more widely accepted languages at the time, such as Latin or French. Chaucer used The Canterbury Tales to target and satirize society of the Middle AgesRead MoreThe Hypocritical Church Essay1237 Words   |  5 Pagesmedieval literary masterpiece The Canterbury Tales, written by Geoffrey Chaucer, not only does Chaucer provide the reader with an entertaining story about a group of approximately thirty pilgrims who meet (by chance) at an inn, in a suburb of London, on a trip to see the shrine of St. Thomas #225; Becket in Canterbury cathedral, but he also divulges to the reader a remarkably horrid picture of an English Church run amok with corruption, greed and, more importantly, hypocrisy. Writing about pilgrimsRead MoreChaucer s Candide And Shakespeare s Macbeth1317 Words   |  6 Pagesliterary works were written as a way to give commentary on the society in which the author lived such as Voltaire’s’ Candide and Shakespeare’s Macbeth. Geoffrey Chaucer, famous for his The Canterbury Tales, and considered instrumental in the creation of English literature, is not as well known for social commentary in his writing. However, The Canterbury Tales do indeed possess insight and analysis of society, namely the role of the authority figures in the Church. Chaucer was critical of the abuses andRead MoreCanterbury Tales Satire Analysis866 Words   |  4 PagesChaucer (A Discussion of Geoffrey Chaucer’s use of Satire in Canterbury Tales Directed Towards Church Hypocrisy, Class Nobility, and the Patriarchy) All well known, articulate speakers and writers throughout history use critical speaking techniques to rally support from those around them. One such tool is the use of satire in public speaking or writing. Satire is the combination of a poignant message along with sarcasm. Arguably the founder of Middle English, Geoffrey Chaucer was a mastermind inRead MoreGeoffrey Chaucer: the Cantebury Tales Hypocrisy in the Church of England During the,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,,1973 Words   |  8 PagesGeoffrey Chaucer was an English poet during the Medieval Era. While he does not appear to have been a social reformer, he drew attention to the hypocrisy of the Catholic Church in his works, The Canterbury Tales. Scholars agree that little is known about Chaucer. We do not have much personal inform- mation, such as â€Å"the memorabilia, letters, diaries, personal reminiscences, that cluster thickly around such later figures as Byron, Shelley or Yeats† (Morrison 7). Most

The Appeal of Socialism Essay Example For Students

The Appeal of Socialism Essay During the late 1800s and early 1900s hundreds of thousands ofEuropean immigrants migrated to the United States of America. They hadaspirations of success, prosperity and their own conception of the AmericanDream. The majority of the immigrants believed that their lives wouldcompletely change for the better and the new world would bring nothing buthappiness. Advertisements that appeared in Europe offered a bright futureand economic stability to these naive and hopeful people. Jobs withexcellent wages and working conditions, prime safety, and other benefitsseemed like a chance in a lifetime to these struggling foreigners. Littledid these people know that what they would confront would be the completeantithesis of what they dreamed of. The enormous rush of European immigrants encountered a lack ofjobs. Those who were lucky enough to find employment wound up infactories, steel mills, or in the meat packing industry. Jurgis Rudkus wasone fo these dissapointed immigrants.A sweeper in slaughter house, heexperienced the horrendous conditions which laborers encounteredAlongwith these nightmarish working conditions, they worked for nominal wages,inflexible and long hours, in an atmosphere where worker safety had nopersuasion. Early on, there was no one for these immigrants to turn to, somany suffered immensely. Jurgis would later learn of worker unions andother groups to support the labor force, but the early years of hisAmericanized life were filled, with sliced fingers, unemployment andoverall a depressing and painful new start. Sinclair, has shown in a dramatic style the hardships andobastacles which Jurgis and fellow workers had to endure. He made theworkers sound so helpless and the condtions so greusome, that the readeralmost wants a way out for Jurgis. Sinclairs The Jungle is a subliminalform of propaganda for Socialism. At a time in our nations history wherethe rich were very wealthy, and the poor were peniless, Sinclairsportrayal of socialism in regards to the laborer is very appealing to ajobless, hungry, indigent man. Sinclairs vision of socialism, wasnt as flawless and beneficialas it seemed. Although it gave the workers some motivation to work as wellas the could it was an attempt to commonize the working class. The Marxisttheory of communism stemmed from the ideologies displayed by socialism. The masses of the population were controlled by a small elite. Sinclairwas a believer in socialism, and Jurgis was a member of the party. Butfortunately for todays working force, the concept and potential threat ofsocialism was stifled before it could make a permanent mark of Americansociety.

Frankenstein Journal Entry free essay sample

When people read the book Frankenstein by Mary Shelly they sympathize with all of the characters, but they tend to sympathize more with the monster. I myself sympathized with the monster more despite his many evil deeds. It is possible that the reason for this sympathy towards the monster from us is because the monster reminds us of how we feel when we are lonely, abandoned, or angered by someone else and just the thought of those feelings being the only emotions we feel constantly for the rest of our existence is unbearable. Reading about this merciless and yet compassionate monster makes us think about the monster in us and how we would react in his situation. When I read this book it made me feel depressed and I felt everything the monster felt. â€Å"The fallen angel becomes the malignant devil. Yet even the enemy of God and man had friends and associates in his desolation; I am alone. † — Victor This is a quote by Victor after the monster has killed everything that was important to him, leaving him alone and in the same situation as the monster as opposed to the beginning of the book when Victor knew no evil and was as happy as one can be. It also describes his transition into total misery and loneliness from his former ambitious and adventurous self. The creature was born pure at heart and didn’t become a monster until Victor and society started being neglectful and cruel to him, but I think the biggest reason that he wasn’t able to find anybody to accept him was the time period in which he was created. People in the seventeenth century were closed minded and much of their beliefs were based in superstition and myth. I think that because of this people in his setting thought of him as a bringer of death and destruction and assumed him to be like the grim reaper in our time without putting much thought or logical reasoning behind their actions. In today’s society not all people are as ignorant and impulsive as those of Frankenstein’s time and i’m sure there would be many people willing to take the creature in under their wing and teach him about kindness and virtue. I myself would gladly take him as a friend if I saw that he needed elp and meant me no harm. There is a monster in all of us no matter the skin color no matter the ethnicity. If the creature had just gotten proper guidance from Victor in the first place he probably would have lived as a better person than any human who ever lived. Victor however neglected the creature and caused him pain and misery which brought out the monster in the creature. As revenge the creature brought out the monster in Victor by killing of f anything and everything he ever loved. I was benevolent and good; misery made me a fiend this quote by Victor, I believe is his acceptance that he is now just as bad as the creature he had created and that he will never be happy for the rest of his existence. Life and death appeared to me ideal bounds, which I should first break through, and pour a torrent of light into our dark world. A new species would bless me as its creator and source Mary Shelly uses this metaphor to suggest that life and death are ideal bounds. In this quote, Victor is contemplating creating a new species such as the monster he later creates. During his research and time spent making the creature he himself was turning into a monster. He couldn’t eat, he couldn’t sleep, and he had no social contact. Once he finally created the creature and was supposed to take responsibility for it he fled which was the beginning of the end for him. If he hadn’t fled maybe his life would have turned out even better than if he had never created the creature in the first place. In the book the creature didn’t show any intent to harm Victor so there is no logical reason for him fleeing. The only explanation that i can come up with for Victor abandoning his creation was that he was mentally unstable because of sickness, lack of human interaction, and fatigue. A fiendish rage animated him as he said this; his face was wrinkled into contortions too horrible for human eyes to behold; but presently he calmed himself and proceeded— This quote is used by Mary Shelly to set a mood of fear and monstrosity. My belief is that Victor was destined to become a miserable outcast. His traits and morals as a person point to the fact. Even as a child Victor never took responsibility for his actions and always shied away from confrontation. He only looked at his own best interest and didn’t take into account the consequences of his actions, Even when his favourite professor tried to show him how horrible it was what he was doing. As his experiments progressed he became dehumanized. Cutting up dead bodies and assembling a creature out of dead bodies that can overpower any human. â€Å"I ought to be thy Adam, but I am rather the fallen angel Saying this the monster tells Victor that he just wants to be Victors beloved creation that he is proud of, but that the reality is that he is hated by Victor and all he wants is for the creature to be dead. This is not just a book about a man putting the spark of life into a monster, but a remarkable story of how we as humans act and change for better or for worse depending on the circumstances. This lesson that Mary Shelly conveys in her book helped me to realize that p eople can be cruel and it makes me want to be a better person.