International Market Entry Strategy for Hershey Foods Corp Essay

I. Introduction The Hershey Company is famously known for being the biggest manufacturer of chocolates and confectionery products in USA, having hired over 15,000 employees worldwide and exporting their products to ninety different countries over the world. The Hershey Company has several popular brands, some of most notable ones being Hershey’s Chocolate Bar, Kit Kat, Hershey’s Kisses, Reese’s, York Peppermint Pattie, Rolo and Krackle Bar. With the help of these brands, Hershey gained success and popularity, making the company’s net worth over $4 billion dollars. Hershey’s products include chocolates, confectioneries, food and beverage related products such as baking ingredients, toppings etc. The company lives by its mission statement, â€Å"Undisputed Marketplace Leadership† (www.hersheys.com). Hershey continues to preserve a higher position by successfully converting consumer desires into reality. II. Objective It was Mr. Roger Clarke, Vice president Sales of Hershey International, a division of Hershey Foods Corporation, was reviewing the Australian experience. He had a board meeting to attend in a week’s time and had to present his assessment of what the cause of failure had been in Australia. Was it strategic mistake or had implementation been the problem, and what strategy would be appropriate for re-entry. in this case we will try to help how to make the re-entry going smoothly by using the key SCM strategies, tools, best practises III. Literature The International Marketing Entry Evaluation Process is a five stage process, and its purpose is to gauge which international market or markets offer the best opportunities for our products or services to succeed. The five steps are Country Identification, Preliminary Screening, In-Depth Screening, Final Selection and Direct Experience. Let’s take a look at each step in turn 1. Step One – Country Identification The World is your oyster. You can choose any country to go into. So you conduct country identification – which means that you undertake a general overview of potential new markets. There might be a simple match – for example two countries might share a similar heritage e.g. the United Kingdom and Australia, a similar language e.g. the United States and Australia, or even a similar culture, political ideology or religion e.g. China and Cuba. Often selection at this stage is more straightforward. For example a country is nearby e.g. Canada and the United States. Alternatively your export market is in the same trading zone e.g. the European Union. Again at this point it is very early days and potential export markets could be included or discarded for any number of reasons. [pic] 2. Step Two – Preliminary Screening At this second stage one takes a more serious look at those countries remaining after undergoing preliminary screening. Now you begin to score, weight and rank nations based upon macro-economic factors such as currency stability, exchange rates, level of domestic consumption and so on. Now you have the basis to start calculating the nature of market entry costs. Some countries such as China require that some fraction of the company entering the market is owned domestically – this would need to be taken into account. There are some nations that are experiencing political instability and any company entering such a market would need to be rewarded for the risk that they would take. At this point the marketing manager could decide upon a shorter list of countries that he or she would wish to enter. Now in-depth screening can begin. 3. Step Three – In-Depth Screening The countries that make it to stage three would all be considered feasible for market entry. So it is vital that detailed information on the target market is obtained so that marketing decision-making can be accurate. Now one can deal with not only micro-economic factors but also local conditions such as marketing research in relation to the marketing mix i.e. what prices can be charged in the nation? – How does one distribute a product or service such as ours in the nation? How should we communicate with are target segments in the nation? How does our product or service need to be adapted for the nation? All of this will information will for the basis of segmentation, targeting and positioning. One could also take into account the value of the nation’s market, any tariffs or quotas in operation, and similar opportunities or threats to new entrants. 4. Step Four – Final Selection Now a final shortlist of potential nations is decided upon. Managers would reflect upon strategic goals and look for a match in the nations at hand. The company could look at close competitors or similar domestic companies that have already entered the market to get firmer costs in relation to market entry. Managers could also look at other nations that it has entered to see if there are any similarities, or learning that can be used to assist with decision-making in this instance. A final scoring, ranking and weighting can be undertaken based upon more focused criteria. After this exercise the marketing manager should probably try to visit the final handful of nations remaining on the short, shortlist. 5. Step Five – Direct Experience Personal experience is important. Marketing manager or their representatives should travel to a particular nation to experience firsthand the nation’s culture and business practices. On a first impressions basis at least one can ascertain in what ways the nation is similar or dissimilar to your own domestic market or the others in which your company already trades. Now you will need to be careful in respect of self-referencing. Remember that your experience to date is based upon your life mainly in your own nation and your expectations will be based upon what your already know. Try to be flexible and experimental in new nations, and don’t be judgmental – it’s about what’s best for your company – happy hunting P.E.S.T. Analysis for Hershey PEST analysis stands for â€Å"Political, Economic, Social, and Technological analysis† and describes a framework of macro-environmental factors used in the environmental scanning component of strategic management 1. Political/Legal Analysis – Chocolate producers unable to distribute products to certain countries. – Major issue is child labour in cocoa farms – Mostly affected areas in Africa where child labour runs rampant. – The Chocolate Manufacturers Association (CMA) and the World Cocoa Foundation (WCF) created the Harkin-Engel Protocol, which is an agreement that focuses on child labour practices on cocoa farms in West Africa. – Result opened new channels to export and distribute cocoa to international countries. 2. Economic Analysis – In every year, due to hurricane impact, flood, etc, the price of refined sugar decreased from $0.38 to $0.31 per pound (estimate cost). – This allowed companies to cut retail costs and redistribute the savings. – A lot of waste material is produced, and companies spend thousands of dollars on disposing it. – However, there is a new opportunity born due to recent developments in bio fuel or another energy alternative. – New method of production that can use the by-product of chocolate manufacturing companies. 3. Socio-cultural Analysis – Consumers want a larger variety of chocolates and healthier alternatives to the traditional chocolates. – Dark chocolates provided several health benefits by adding a flavonoid in the chocolate that prevents various cardiovascular problems. 4. Technological Analysis – The chocolate and cocoa industries lack supports of Non-Government Organizations (NGO), which restrict the farmer’s access to business guidance, funding, and continuing education. – Farmers can’t learn new technologies making them less efficient. – This prevents the chocolate manufacturers from gaining cocoa efficiently to create more chocolates for the consumer. Target Audience for Australia Market The primary consumers of Hershey Chocolates include a vast audience ranging from children, teenagers and adults. But mostly, Hershey targets its consumers ranging from age 13-30 years old. The chocolate bar is considered a snack or is part of a daily diet in case of some athletes. The chocolates are available in most grocery stores, gas stations, malls etc. Consumers primarily buy chocolates according to their price. They also prefer if the chocolates fit their health and nutritional requirements, although there is a very low margin of difference between selecting according to price and according to health. S.W.O.T Analysis for Hershey Food Corporation SWOT analysis (alternatively SWOT Matrix) is a structured planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats involved in a project or in a business venture. A SWOT analysis can be carried out for a product, place or person. It involves specifying the objective of the business venture or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieving that objective a. Strengths – Hershey has grown from one product one plant to a $4 billion company with various quality chocolates. – It’s a strong brand name and has a strong image. – Hershey was largest candy maker in U.S. with 30.7% market share – And want to expansion to Australia with market share 25% – It is also the largest pasta manufacturer in U.S. with 28.4% market share – World’s largest chocolate plant in U.S., with more than 2 million sq. feet. – Powerful partnerships (Starbucks, Kraft, Coca-Cola etc) – Major profits go to Milton Hershey School for Orphans. Also donates to Red Cross, UNICEF, and Habitat for Humanity etc. – Cooperative with students and professors. Toll free number 1800-468-1714, to access additional information on request. b. Weaknesses – Hershey’s Global market share is very low, around 10% and it happen in Australia – Concern for natural environment needs to be expressed. – Cocoa production rates are rising, and even a small price increase at retail level affects consumer buying. – Poor decision making as company relies on brand loyalty and has reduced advertising expenditure. – Higher price from the competitor make Harshey became premium pricing and the target make segmented. – Insufficient promotion by Hershey c. Opportunities – Potential to expand range of Dark/Sugar free products for health benefits. – Use partnership ventures to create chocolate flavoured coffee products. – Produce cocoa in new areas other than Africa, maybe from South east Asia (Indonesia, Thailand, etc) – Produce bio-fuel and another alternative Energy from the chocolate by-products – Develop environment friendly packaging, recycling industrial waste – China, India and majority of South East Asia are untapped markets and it can be delivered from Australian. d. Threats – Consumer demanding healthier substitutes. – Steady rise in prices of cocoa, milk and sugar. – Main competitors are Mars and Nestle. – 25% of Nestle revenues profits come from coffee. Nestle plays its strengths in international markets. Hershey is more focused on just local markets. – Mars uses extensive marketing and advertising expenditures to gain market share. Hershey just uses product innovations Five forces to growth in Australia 1. Threat for new entrants There is very little threat for new entrants in the chocolate industry because of the current economy, the various differences in products, and the constant need for large capital requirements. Also, since there is a lack of distribution channels and with the strict FDA regulations kept in place for food manufacturers, the threat for new entrants is almost non-existent 2. Bargaining powers of buyers The bargaining powers of buyers increase by two factors: a number of large volume buyers and the buyers’ relatively low profits from the product. But since the industry as so many different products, the presence of different costs, the bargaining power of the buyers is low to moderate at best. 3. Bargaining power of suppliers The bargaining power of suppliers has decreased since the chocolate industry is an important customer for the suppliers. But the power is moderate to high since the suppliers are concentrated; there are no substitute products available. 4. Pressures from substitute products The chocolate companies compete with various substitutes that threaten the industry. There are various flavours that are used as a substitute for chocolate. These include vanilla, butter, mint, rose, lemon, etc. Many consumers readily switch to these as they also consider chocolate to be unhealthy. 5. Rivalries amongst competitors Among the chocolate industry, there are intense rivalries amongst the highest competitors. There are numerous strong chocolate manufacturers giving out various varieties of chocolates at different prices, resorting to creative advertising schemes, constantly giving out new products and high quality chocolates to satisfy the consumer needs. Marketing mix Strategy a. Product – The new ‘Hershey Slim’ dark chocolates will have a flavonoid substance added which helps protect the cardiovascular system and is efficient until three hours upon consumption – Produced for health conscious consumers to ensure that Hershey favours healthier alternatives. Hershey will also assure people with health issues such as diabetics, that their chocolates are a safe and healthy alternative. – The core strategy is to reinvent the image of chocolates from being a source of a lot of sugar and calories therefore making people fat and/or diabetic, to an image where chocolates are considered an aid for protecting the consumers from heart disease and enhancing the rate of metabolism, by using flavonoids in their products. b. Price – To keep the chocolates reasonably affordable, keeping current financial trends in mind. – To have a promotion campaign in part with the contest – Currently chocolate bars are priced at $2.50 each. As part of the contest promotion, the chocolate will be sold at $2.00 each. – c. People – Target Audience would primarily be consumers from age range of 13-30 years, particularly health conscious individuals. – The most bought products are chocolate bars, which some consider as a snack, while others as part of their daily diet. d. Place – The chocolates will be available in grocery stores, malls, supermarkets, gas stations, coffee shops, airports, and at the main outlets. |Major Channel Distributors |Secondary Channels | |Supermarkets |Commercial stores (7-11, Cheers) | |Department Stores |Amusement areas (cinemas, parks) | |Pharmacy |School | |Duty Free Outlets |Mini market | |Grocery store |Channel Distributor | |Gas Stations | | |Main outlet | | e. Promotion – The chocolates will be marketed through an interactive contest. Also, some promotional programs could be held under joint sponsorships through gyms/spas. – customised chocolate products for the promotional, corporate, hospitality and special occasions industries Objectives and Strategies a. Product – To reinvent Hershey Chocolates as a health conscious low calorie dark chocolate. – To reassure health conscious consumers to purchase this new product by providing all the necessary nutritional information – Hershey’s goal is to keep each product’s nutrition information up-to-date and accurate b. Objectives – To promote the health benefits of the new Hershey Dark Chocolate – Help the consumers change their mind-set that chocolates are unhealthy. – To spread awareness and increase sales of the product. c. Strategy – To increase sales using promotional materials such as an interactive contest. – Make a new plant for chocolate nearby Australia, to increase the cost and make the price competitive. Example: we can use one of the three proposed strategies. 1. Hershey Dark Chocolate Mascot Strategy – Each chocolate has a code which in the package – Unlocks part of a character. A total of 25 unique parts allowing consumers to create 120 variations of characters. – Customers can go online and create the character of choice online and submit to the contest – Winning character will be the new mascot for the Hershey Slim. Winner will also receive gift vouchers and a 1 month membership to California Fitness Gym 2. Healthy mind, healthy body with Hershey Strategy – In the chocolate packaging are instructions to visit website – Consumers have to play a classic memory game which has five levels of difficulty. – Cards show healthy foods, and Hershey products – Winners who complete the final score under a specific time limit win a one day all access pass to California Fitness Gym 3. Wrapper Cash Strategy – Each Hershey Slim wrapper contains points – These points can be collected under an online account – Purchases can be made from the Hershey shop using these points. – There would be a limit to the number of points one can input per day, per account. – The more you save, the bigger better things you can buy. – Products would mostly include exercise equipment. Possible to buy products at half their retail price using the point system. Reference â€Å"Hershey Co. Form 10-K†, The Hersheys Company, December 31st, 2009. Retrieved January 14th, 2011. http://www.thehersheycompany.com/assets/pdfs/hersheycompany/2009AnnualReport.pdf Lovell, Jeremy. â€Å"Eat More Chocolates and Help the Environment† PlanetArk.com November 7th, 2007. Retrieved January 14th, 2011. Michael et al. â€Å"The Hershey Company – Introduction the World of Chocolate†, 2007. Retrieved January 10th, 2011. â€Å"U.S. Labour Department Funds Project to Evaluate Effectiveness of Anti-Child-Labour Efforts in the Cocoa Industry.† World’s Technology News. October 4th,2006. Retrieved January 14th, 2011. Website – http://www.marketingteacher.com – www.hersheys.com – www.thehersheycompany.com – www.gogle.com

City of Kurnool Essay

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Financial Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

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What Culture Fears do the Antagonists of Ridley Scott's Alien Movie Review

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Why was World War One a necessary war for the United States - Essay Example According to the lecture notes, the WWI was inevitable because â€Å"it protested our trade and alliances as well as stopping a super power from taking over (Lecture notes, October 21, 2013).† Several factors contributed to the inception of WWI, whereby some of them were key and necessary for the USA to join besides protecting their interests in various regions globally as a super power. Germans were the central factors that prompted the inception of the war. Before the WWI, Germany employed diverse ways intended to enhance communism in the USA neighboring regions, which the latter felt there was a launched threat that entailed immediate action. Germany directly attacked USA allies using distractive communists’ movements during that time. USA during then could not stand seeing Germany taking over states where it had invested its interests. For instance, colossal amount of money that the state had parted with to ensure its allies succeeded in subduing their adversaries ( October 23, 2013). This prompted the USA to engage in WWI besides it being a strong anticommunist state that ensured the progress of democracy. This could have degraded the trustworthiness of the US military. According to Mooney, the American government had the obligation to fight and â€Å"†¦.make the world safe for democracy (Mooney, 83).† USA also had in mind how it had gave its allies colossal amount of money. The 2.3 billion cash was very vital for the communities that owed the USA. According to lecture notes, â€Å"allies war debt to American bankers. Ninety nine percent of the money load to Allies, if Allies lose the war, America would not get the money back (lecture notes October 23, 2013). Therefore, WWI could act as a stumbling block in enabling allies to repay what they got from US. According to Mooney, American investors worried they might lose the money loaned to Allies if the Central Powers won the war (Mooney, 80). Under this circumstance, the United Stat e of America found it vital in securing the amounts of money that the allies would release to them by engaging their adversary. The shipping business, which USA during then undertook was also a factor that prompted it to decide waging fierce battle against communists. The United States of America during then was increasingly gaining naval strength, hence trying its best to prevent the entry of some unwanted merchandise into the county, which were basically weapon and military items. They were also using the shipping activities to import and export food items within the country. These actions would hinder the supply of essential commodities to the United States. According to Senator George, â€Å"the enormous profits of munitions manufacturers† during then was to extent US market and other similar networks (Senator George, 4 April 1917).† On the contrary, Germans were trying to block the entry of boats into Britain. This moved the United States of America to wage war aga inst them, which was an apparent reason why the USA resolved to join the WWI in 1917. This is because Germans were interfering with USA’s economic progress as well as security system. Hence, Germans actions being a threat the policy of Franklin Delano, which was to protect security systems of United States of America. During the period of the WWI, there was a quest for power among the nations. Each nation wanted to be the controller in some extent. Therefore, USA being in a position of superpower supported other nations in different ways, which gave them enormous prestige. According to Thomas J. Fleming, US was supplying some of the big powers with ammunition approximating â€Å".40 percent of their war materiel†

The Concept of Sustainable Development Assignment

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Comparison of International Marketing Strategies Dissertation

Comparison of International Marketing Strategies - Dissertation Example The company associates itself only with those who have the capability to deliver effective services in the cost-effective fashion. Nestle tries to put forward the benefits of nutrition and therefore the marketing strategies are based on demographics which present the transformation in standards of living. Both Nestle and Unilever tend to focus on the health and wellness. Unilever focuses on the actual needs of the consumers but Nestle spotlights the corporate wellness unit to offer valued food to all the consumers. It can be said that Nestle sheds more light on the ingredients of the products rather than targeting the consumers. The corporate wellness group of Nestle deals with the promotion of nutrition value across the globe. The strategy is to provide the consumers tasty foods with high nutritional value. Unilever sticks to the company profile and often take the action of eliminating products from the market if it does not do well but such actions are hard to find in Nestle. Nestl e involves in creating and enhancing the products of the company. The packaging systems followed by Nestle shares huge impact on the marketing. They offer user-friendly packaging techniques which keep the food preserved as well as make the package attractive. The â€Å"Nestle Nutritional compass† is labeled on each product which presents the nutritional value of the products. It shows the benefit of purchasing the product to the consumers (Shaw, and Onkvisit, 2009). It believes that only nutritional information is necessary but not sufficient. The compass consists of three elements- â€Å"Good to know†, â€Å"good to remember† and â€Å"good to talk†. The marketing strategies of Unilever varied only in the three year period of the 1950s to 1980s. During this period the company engaged itself on technological advancements, development of new products, targeting new global markets and maintained the quality of the products according to world’s standa rds.   

Bringing a Global Perspective on Business Studies to IGCSE Essay

Bringing a Global Perspective on Business Studies to IGCSE Underprivileged Youths - Essay Example ‘Organizational structure’ refers to the people conducting and carrying out the processes within the Organization. It also describes the different functional areas within a corporation and how well they work together to complete their task in the most effective and efficient manner. It is well understood that organizational structure directly impacts the alignment between business units. This emphasizes the need for a fluent structure in order to streamline the business operations in a more complete manner that will allow for more efficient and effective operations. Having a good and complete organizational structure will lead to better a decision-making process in order to achieve long-term goals. The following parts will explain the hierarchical order of the organizational chart for this project, as well as a detailed elaboration of each of the main organizational roles.Simply defined, an organization chart is a graphical representation of the people in a project team and the relationships and linkages between them. The organizational chart here shows the duties and responsibilities of each individual involved in this project from a hierarchical perspective. This chart also gives an idea of what the flow of operations are and how it was throughout the term of the project. These positions in the organizational chart were the main ones held by the people implementing the whole project, and it would be important to note that there was a heavy interaction between these positions.

The earth and its people chapter 17 Essay Example for Free

The earth and its people chapter 17 Essay 1. Why were death rates among Amerindians so high? P. 432 2. What was the most deadly of the epidemics in the Americas? P. 432 3. What (3) New World (Americas) foods revolutionized Old World (Europe, Africa, Asia) agriculture? P. 432 4. What did the horse do for the native peoples of the Americas? P. 433-4 5. What country occupied most of the Brazilian coast? P. 434 6. How did Amerindian people respond to the imposed Christianity? P. 434 7. What kind of powers did the highest-ranking Spanish officials in the colonies have? Why? P. 435 8. What regions were included in the Viceroy of Spain? P. 435 9. What was the primary agent by which European language and culture was transmitted to Brazil and Spanish America? P. 435 10. What was the richest institution in the Spanish colonies? P. 437 11. What commodities dominated the economic development of colonial Latin America? P. 437 12. What was the â€Å"mita†? p. 439 13. What did sugar plantations in Brazil depend on? P. 439 14. Why did sugar planters prefer African slaves to Amerindian slaves? P. 439 15. What were Hidalgos? P. 440 16. What forms did slave resistance take? P. 444 17. What was manumission and how did a slave achieve that? P. 444 18. What were castas? Give examples. 444-5 19. How were the governments and economic systems of English and French colonies different than those of the Spanish and Portuguese? Why? 445 20. Were the English successful in their first efforts to establish colonies in the Americas? Give an example. 445 21. How much of Jamestown’s population died within the first 15 years? Why? P. 446 22. How did the fur trade and hunting affect the Amerindian people? P. 446 23. What was indigo grown around Charleston used for? P. 447 24. What was the Stono Rebellion of 1739? P. 447 25. What are 3 ways that immigration to the Chesapeake differed from that of Massachusetts? P. 447 26. Merchants from what European nation first colonized Manhattan Island in 1624? P. 449 27. What did French settlements emphasize? P. 450 28. Who were the enemies of the Huron and Algonquin, who then became enemies of the French? P. 450 29. What were 3 things Jesuits did in an effort to convert native people to Christianity in French Canada? P. 450 30. What was the result, politically, of the French and Indian War (Seven Years’ War)? p. 452 31. What was the purpose of the English Navigation Acts? p. 454 Free Response Focus Questions: Answer these questions in a 5-7 sentence paragraph. In your own words. Do not simply copy from the book and memorize the response. Know it. Support your response with plenty of facts. Understand where events fall historically (global context, cause/effect, etc) 1. Considering the Columbian Exchange and colonization, what were the major impacts on the peoples of the Americas? 2. What role does religion play in European settlement of the Americas? Be specific as to Spanish, Portuguese, French, and British uses of Christianity as a tool of colonization. 3. The chapter describes several different types of forced labor practices. Describe each practice and explain why each one was preferred in different locations. Compare/Contrast: Write a well-developed thesis statement which clearly addresses similarities and differences. 4. Compare and contrast Latin American with North American colonies from 1530-1770.

Use of ethical behavior will pay off in the long-run

Use of ethical behavior will pay off in the long-run Ethical behavior is morally accepted as being good and right in a particular situation. The society-at-large is always demanding high ethical and moral standards from organizations. Unethical behavior is always seen as a virus working on the society and eating it up. In a business organization, the top level managers have a big part to play when it comes to ethical issues. How they react when it comes to ethical dilemmas makes a big difference as to how the other employees of that organization will face the same situation. A big example is what Johnson Johnson Company executives did when the Tylenol poisoning took place. They pulled out all the stocks out of the market even thou it cost them millions of dollars, because the management knew it was the ethical thing to do. It uplifted their image amongst its customer base rather than downgrading it since the customers could see that the company had their best interests at heart. That particular reaction set a big example for other org anizations throughout the world to follow. When it comes to ethical behavior in the long run, I believe it will pay off for any organization. In todays intense business environment its more important than ever to have strong ethical programs in place. In a survey conducted by the ethics resource centre on more than 4,000 employees, one third had witnessed ethical misconduct in the past year (Flynn, 1995). Ethical standards depict behaviors morally accepted as good and right as opposed to bad or wrong in a particular setting it is particularly crucial for the business for a number of reasons. For example, murder and robbery are not only illegal but are universally regarded as wrong, while dishonesty , while not necessarily illegal, is usually thought to be immoral. They are created and adopted by people who are interested primarily in ensuring there are guidelines for behavior for the group members. For example, doctors and lawyers have ethical codes of practice which they sear to uphold as part of their professional practice. Ethics in the society carries a lot of value, so I believe that ethical behavior is what all working professionals should aim to have. However its not just the ethical attributes that the employees and organizations should have, but also the behavior they put forward with regards to those ethical issues is also important. To build a good career one should live there life by rules of ethics in order to safeguard themselves and also society as a whole. Most business experts suggest that establishing a code of conduct can help the company to behave ethically. A code of conduct is a formal document stating the principles and the ethical rules it expects the employees to follow in the organization. Ethical standards protect the business from scandals and prevent them in the future. Ethical statements imply the employees, business associates, and the larger community a framework of the companys operating principles (rules and regulations) which needs to be followed, why the company exists, what the company believes in, and how it goes about to comply with its professed beliefs. In addition, reviewing the standard operating procedures and performance measurements will ensure the business owners and managers that it is well structured and does not encourage unethical behavior. Studies has shown that organizations are now increasingly take account of ethical considerations, there has been a shift from traditional profit and free market bu siness approach to ethical approach, in favor of consumer interests. Practicing ethical behavior can develop the business to great heights. High ethical behaviors will set high standards and put the work practices of the organization to high levels. It will develop a discipline which will help your business to succeed. It will also build teamwork amongst employees. They will show respect for the organization, its culture and top level management. It will build trust and confidence among colleagues. Also organizations which practice ethical standards can attract good short and long term investment. Investors will definitely see it more viable to associate itself which businesses who put ethical issues to high regards hence uplifting the investors image in the society and the business environment. Most investors believe that it is important for companies to consider ethical and social issues alongside financial issues in order for them to be sustainable and remain competitive in the long run. Ethical investors are essentially concerned with how profit is made and looks to maximize profit at the same time trying to minimize and avoid negative social effects. On the positive side, the public will begin to recognize and to honor individual companies for their contributions to solving most obdurate problems. This puts companies in a very strong situation since all the stake holders like shareholders, government, employees, suppliers and local communities benefit Ethical investments is one way of responding to issues of social responsibility in business decisions and activities and avoiding being self serving. Socially responsible factors in areas of public concern include the environment, sustainability, and globalization. Behaving ethically also improves the quality of work life and enhances the role of every employer in creating an environment where employee pride blossoms and theft losses disappear. There is reduced corruption when employees are treated with fairness and are valued as individuals, as they take pride in their organization. Positive results are achieved when employees are given a basis for trust and respect to live by. If employees believe all are held to similar high standards, they likely will feel better about themselves, their colleagues, their organization and behave ethically when dealing with customers and business associates. Research over the years have proved that consumers are used to buying products from companies that have public recognition, a company record or being promoted. Enhancing customer loyalty to the brand is probably the single most powerful incentive for convincing companies to adopt ethics as a way of life. Another advantage of behaving ethically is that it promotes better staff retention and attraction; good organizations cannot function without good people. Ethical organizations have increased commitment by employees as good employees want to work with responsible and ethical employers. When a company fails to be a good employer they lose good staff and it reduces the possibility of attracting good new-comers. Many business want employees to behave ethically because such a reputation is good for business which in turn can mean larger profits. How one behaves in the workplace helps them in building a good reputation and praises over the years to come. Similarly, encouraging employees to act ethically can save money by reducing employee theft, down time and lawsuits. It is noticed that that when employees dont show respect for the company and colleagues, it encourage many forms of theft such unnecessary phone calls on company account and taking office supplies home. It is important that employees have a clear understanding of their organizations ethical standards and a feeling of management support for acting within those standards. Teaching ethics to an employee is not always effective. Management must set examples by their personal alignment with ethical standards and principles. Thus, Managers have to always keep in mind that leading by example is the first step in developing a culture of ethical behavior in the organization. PART TWO; Q2) Within the business context, businesses are expected to have good ethical values and act socially responsible. The problem is that the ethics of a business is a mixture of the individual sets of ethics. This is why it is important to have good individuals as employees. it is also equally important that when you go to work somewhere that you feel like you share the values of those you work with. Ethic is not just talking about the right thing. It is doing what is the right in every decision that is made. Based on the above observation discuss the impact on society that ethical leaders can make As the world business platform is growing rapidly, more business leaders and are now waking up to the reality of social responsibility and good organizational ethics. The opinion of the society is re-shaping expectations and standards on how leaders should perform with regards to the general public. Injustice around the world is becoming more visible and less acceptable and behavior of leaders is becoming more transparent every day. Leaders now have real incentives when they do the right thing, but they do have disincentives for doing things that are unacceptable in todays world. Leaders show ethical behaviors when they do what is morally right, and good, and when they help to elevate followers moral awareness. Ethical leaders must generate the right conditions and organizational culture for the development of ethical behavior amongst society members. Every community has leaders to look after its interests and protects its rights. However in todays world, many people do not have faith in leaders and hold them responsible for many of their problems. Ethical leaders should be people-oriented and always aware of how their decisions affect others. They serve the society with compassionate interests. This becomes the only way ethical leaders are able to motivate followers and put needs and interest of group before their own. When these leaders act ethically than the people in the society will follow them. The respect and trust the people put in their leaders will lead them to follow the same values that the leaders do. The leaders have a big responsibility on their shoulders when it comes to guiding the society to follow these ethical principles. They act as role models for the society. What they do in their day to day life becomes the corner stone for the followers. Leaders also play an important role in social responsibility.   The keys issues involved are the health and safety of every employee. Great leadership includes establishing health and safety as a value and affirming that safety by allowing employees adequate time to prepare for evacuation. Organizations blossom when leaders take responsibility to ensure that works are performed ethically. Ethical behavior should start at the top level management, so that employees also ensure ethical standards are maintained. However if leaders want to be more effective than they need to have good employees working for them in the first place. These employees should be able to carry on the leaders values and follow the same principles when the leader is not around. They should be people who can be trusted enough to be given such a big responsibility. They should be able to promote right actions to inspire the performance of individuals and the culture as a whole.  They Leaders contribute to the success of the society and influence the choices made by the members and businesses in carrying out day-to-day activities. To conclude, every society needs leaders who take personal responsibility for their decisions. People should be able to trust their leaders and see the difference between good and bad.

Reality Television Do More Harm Media Essay

Reality Television Do More Harm Media Essay Although reality television may be popular source of entertainment, it is doing more harm to the society by corrupting its thoughts; and therefore the harms of reality television outweigh its positives. What is Reality Television? Reality television is a television-programming genre that presents purportedly unscripted melodramatic or humorous situations, documents actual events, and usually features ordinary people instead of professional actors, sometimes in a contest or other situation where a prize is awarded. Arguments The content aired on reality television programs plays a major role in manipulating the viewers thoughts about certain aspects of the society and help create stereotypes in the minds of the people through false representation of facts. Reality television program participants become victims of the edited material aired on TV and their image is hampered. The competition in the shows is extremely intense and brings out the worst in the participants. Reality television occupies a large amount of precious time of the viewers, thus preventing them from performing much more productive activities. KHATRY III Counter Arguments Reality television helps satisfy the needs of the people for juicy or spiced content on the screen, thus attracting large audiences. It acts as a medium of escape for the viewers from their everyday chores. However, the reality TV shows are becoming boring and pointless. Reality television helps provide a platform to bring the common man in the spotlight. But there are allegations of reality TV shows being rigged. Reality television provides an economical form of entertainment, thus proving to be profitable for the television producers since no major celebrities are usually involved. Nevertheless, the production cost averages between $800,000 and $2,000,000 plus per episode. Conclusion- Summarize and restate the arguments and counter arguments and thus, prove that the harms of reality television outweigh its positives. KHATRY 1 Does Reality Television Do More Harm Than Good? According to the American Time Survey 2011 conducted by the Bureau Of Labor Statistics U.S. Department Of Labor, The average American spends 2.4 hours everyday in front of the television screen, this means he spends 16.8 hours a week and 873.6 hours a year watching television. (American) Seven years of our lifetime in front of the idiot box can surely have a great influence on us, especially a negative one. One of the most prominent genres of modern television is the unscripted reality-based television program or commonly called Reality TV by the viewers. So what is reality television? Annette Hill in her article Reality TV: Audiences and Popular Factual Television, describes reality television as a television programming genre that presents purportedly unscripted melodramatic or humorous situations, documents actual events, and usually features ordinary people instead of professional actors, sometimes in a contest or other situation where a prize is awarded. (Reality) Reality TV pro grams like The Bachelor, Fear Factor, Here Comes Honey Boo Boo and many more have overtaken the prime television slots and have become an integral part of the American family-couch time. Although reality television may be popular source of entertainment, it is doing more harm to the society by corrupting its thoughts; and therefore the harms of reality television outweigh its positives. First of all the content which is aired on the reality television programs is highly sexual and violent. Social cognitive theory suggests that people can discover meaningful sources of identity in their teens that feel connected to what theyre viewing. (288) According to the reports of attorney of law, Patrick A. Trueman, teens exposed to sexual material on television were more likely to be subject to premature sexual activities. Americas Next Top Model, a model hunt, has been repeatedly criticized for promoting KHATRY 2 poor body image of women resulting in low self-esteem and eating disorders among the young viewers. These shows also play a major role in creating stereotypes in the minds of the audiences. The audiences relate the actions of the participants to the ethnic or regional background they belong to. One such show is Jersey Shore, a reality television series that follows the lives of eight housemates spending their summer in New Jersey; the highly sexual and abusive content aired on the show has created misconceptions in the minds of the people regarding the residents of New Jersey. The show portrays a negative image of the American youth to the world as that of disturbed and unsophisticated. Omarosa Manigault a participant on the show The Apprentice stated, A friend of mine said, The fabric of reality TV is conflict, so make sure that youre either in the fight, breaking the fight up, or starting the fight.' The harms of reality televise are not only subjected to the audience but the participants and the crew in these shows too are pushed to the brink. The crews are made to work under unacceptable working conditions and are paid dimes for it. Three former employees of reality television shows, including American Idol, claim in a lawsuit filed that the producer forced them to work under sweatshop conditions and failed to pay for overtime hours they worked. The employees say the producer, Fremantle North America, forced them, to work up to 20 hours a day, seven days a week, sometimes without meal and rest periods, and that Fremantle falsified payroll records. (7) The participants in the reality television programs often become a victim of the misleading edited material aired on TV, which can go a long way in hampering their image in the real world. The participants in shows such as Big Brother and The Bachelor are subject to no privacy. The editing KHATRY 3 team crop the video footage in order to make it more entertaining, thus not revealing the whole truths. As a result the audience misinterprets their words and thus misconceptions are created in the minds of the viewers regarding the participants. Diana Eng a contestant on Project Runway stated in an interview, One morning the crew scared me so bad I jumped and screamed. They said that wasnt good, so I had to pretend to wake up again. (The Real) The world of reality television has also revealed the ugly face of racism in the Celebrity Big Brother racism controversy. Fellow contestants Jade Goody, Jo OMeara and Danielle Lloyd mocked Shilpa Shettys Indian accent and branded her as The Indian and a dog. (Celebrity) The highly competitive nature of the shows and the hunger to win usually brings out the worst in the participants. Sometimes even a lifetime may seem short enough to earn reputation however a moment of bad judgment is enough to lose it all. In a world where time is money and every single second is precious reality television consumes a large amount of the productive time of the viewers. The viewers spend numerous hours in front of the television watching these shows, time that they can use to perform more productive activities. Also there has been a decline in the outdoor activities of young adults, who would prefer an hour in front of the screen rather than playing ball in the park. Robert Foehr in his article Rideout states, Excessive TV viewing can contribute to poor grades, sleep problems, behavior problems, obesity, and risky behavior. (Rideout) However, we cannot be oblivious to the positive factors of this genre. Despite the numerous harms caused by reality television, the genre has become the most viewed form of television with its television rating soaring higher than ever. KHATRY 4 Realty television is one of the best means of entertainment for the viewers. For the common man it acts as a medium of escape from the arid realities of everyday life since the viewers can relate themselves with the participants on the show. The major reason for the numerous reality television programs being aired nowadays is the audiences thriving appetite for juicy or spiced content on the screen. However, the reality TV shows are soon becoming boring and pointless. Audiences have lost interest in the shows because lack of plot and repetition of themes. The show Here Comes Honey Boo Boo has received criticism globally from viewers according to whom the family is nothing but a laughing-stock. Reality television programs like American Idol and Master Chef help provide a platform for the common man to express his talents and achieve his dreams. Reality television programs are a source of instant fame and recognition for the common herd. The sole purpose of these programs is to focus on the life of ordinary people and bring them in the spotlight rather than the major celebrities. These have given the world phenomenal talents in the form of Kelly Clarkson, season one winner of American Idol, and the extraordinaire chef Jennifer Behm, who won the second season of Master Chef USA, and many others. However there are allegations of reality TV shows being rigged. The contract signed by the contestants on the reality TV shows states that the producers posses the right to determine the winners. Hope Solo, a contestant on Dancing With The Stars, pointed in her journal Solo: A Memoir Of Hope a specific incident behind the scenes that led to her elimination. Although the actual number of votes may not be twisted, producers have other illusive means to manipulate the public opinion. Dian Anderson Minshall stated in her article How Authentic Are Your Favorite  Shows? that Tom Poe a contestant on Americas Got Talent, a talent show, who lied about being injured by a grenade and suffering a brain KHATRY 5 injury while serving in Afghanistan insists the show is rigged and audiences are coached to support predetermined favorites. (How) Not only is reality television entreating but is economical as well. Producers nowadays are willing to invest in new reality TV ventures rather than sitcoms because of the huge difference in costs. Reality television programs fall cheaper to produce since no major celebrity is being paid a hefty fee. Advertisers are willing to pay millions for a 30 second commercials during the ad breaks. Nevertheless, the production cost averages between $800,000 and $2,000,000 plus per episode. Large sums of money are awarded to the winners of these shows. The cost for putting up the grand stages and sets for shows like Survivor and American Idol are exorbitant. As we have known it that there are always two sides of a coin, both the merits and demerits of reality television are present. Like it or not reality TV will remain to be one if the most popular television genre as long as the viewers demand it. Reality television has corrupted the thoughts of the viewers and hampered their perceptions about certain aspects of the society. There is hardly any authenticity to the content aired on the reality television programs; the manufactured drama aired on these shows is not reality. These acknowledged negative factors surpass the mere qualities of reality television. As stated in the above augments, although reality television may be popular source of entertainment, it is doing more harm to the society by corrupting its thoughts; and therefore the harms of reality television outweigh its positives. KHATRY 6

What Is Happy Smoke? :: essays research papers

Marijuana is a green, brown, or gray mixture of dried, shredded leaves, stems, seeds, and flowers of the hemp plant. You may hear marijuana called by street names such as pot, herb, weed, grass, boom, Mary Jane, gangster, or chronic. There are more than 200 slang terms for marijuana. Sinsemilla (sin-seh-me-yah; it's a Spanish word), hashish ("hash" for short), and hash oil are stronger forms of marijuana. All forms of marijuana are mind-altering. In other words, they change how the brain works. They all contain THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol), the main active chemical in marijuana. They also contain more than 400 other chemicals. Marijuana's effects on the user depend on the strength or potency of the THC it contains. THC potency of marijuana has increased since the 1970s but has been about the same since the mid-1980s. Marijuana is usually smoked as a cigarette (called a joint or a nail) or in a pipe or a bong. Recently, it has appeared in cigars called blunts. THC in m arijuana is strongly absorbed by fatty tissues in various organs. Generally, traces (metabolites) of THC can be detected by standard urine testing methods several days after a smoking session. However, in heavy chronic users, traces can sometimes be detected for weeks after they have stopped using marijuana. There are many reasons why some children and young teens start smoking marijuana. Most young people smoke marijuana because their friends or brothers and sisters use marijuana and pressure them to try it. Some young people use it because they see older people in the family using it. Others may think it's cool to use marijuana because they hear songs about it and see it on TV and in movies. Some teens may feel they need marijuana and other drugs to help them escape from problems at home, at school, or with friends. The effects of the drug on each person depend on the user's experience, as well as: how strong the marijuana is (how much THC it has); what the user expects to happen; where (the place) the drug is used; how it is taken; and whether the user is drinking alcohol or using other drugs. Some people feel nothing at all when they smoke marijuana. Others may feel relaxed or high. Sometimes marijuana makes users feel thirsty and very hungry - an effect called "the munchies." Some users can get bad effects from marijuana. They may suffer sudden feelings of anxiety and have paranoid thoughts.

The Importance of Freedom of Expression in America Essay -- Argumentat

The Importance of Freedom of Expression in America Would life be the same without freedom of expression?   Expressions of hate, sometimes called hate speech, are highly prevalent in today's society; one group using them is the KKK, in particular Charles Brandenburg. Government leaders may also want to repress free speech for the motive of keeping the citizenry in the dark so they don't learn about corruption in the hierarchy of our country. The aforementioned corruption is what freedom of expression was created for; to give the populace some control over the government's actions. The Vietnam War was one of the largest events where freedom of expression was used. From wearing black armbands to the massacre at Kent State University, people definitely showed their discontentment. For these and many other reasons, American citizens should have absolute freedom of expression with no interference from the government. Expressions of hate can be tolerated, but become a responsibility of the government when they are acts inciting violence, such as hate crimes.   In the Supreme Court Case Brandenburg v. Ohio, the KKK leader Charles Brandenburg's rights of freedom of speech were violated. He gave a speech to a group of other Klan members with a reporter there filming it.   Brandenburg encouraged taking revenge upon the branches of government because they were restraining the white race, according to him.   This went against the Ohio Criminal Syndicalism statute of 1919. That law made it illegal for anyone to advocate action against the government. This case was instrumental in how freedom of speech is looked at today. The Supreme Court decided that the, "...constitutional guarantees of free speech and free press do not permit a State to ... ...he end of the United State’s involvement in Vietnam. The government should have no interference in the absolute freedom of expression rights the American people have. These many things affected our right to freedom of speech in their own way, but always the American people have come out stronger because of it. Because these rights are guaranteed in the Constitution of the United States of America, the U.S. government should have no say whatsoever in changing or limiting them. If the government takes away our rights of freedom of expression, then what is the war in Afghanistan and Iraq's purpose? What are we fighting for if not the civilians rights to freely express themselves? Works Cited * No named author. Kent State, May 4, 1970: America Kills Its Children:. 1 June 1995. The Ethical Spectacle. 8 Dec. 2004 <http://www.spectacle.org/595/kent.html>.

Womens Roles :: essays papers

Womens Roles Depending on a woman^Ã’s role or class in society, she could be restricted or praised by her words and actions. As in almost any civilization, money brings certain advantages, the greatest one of the Renaissance times being education. The upper class women were taught that silence towards and obligation to their husbands was considered proper. Eloquence was equivalent to silence in the male frame of mind. Keeping with the theme of male dominance, it has been said that "Woman^Ã’s attempt to rule is an act of treason." (2) Any act of liberation was seen as a violation against God, otherwise the people they called "men" (2). The speech of a woman has been compared to "the naked of her limbs" (4) inferring the spoken thought of a woman with any basis in intellect would be shameful, embarrassing or something even to look down upon. Therefore, because any outward act of intelligence was a "violation," this could be seen as a distinct limitation. But it has also been said that a woman could "speak very elegantly and she was able in all those languages to answer ambassadors on the sudden." (1) Although, it was only being applied to Queen Elizabeth I, the statement can also be applied to other such greats in the past like Queen Isabella of Spain, Anne of Brittany-Queen of Charles VIII, and of the mid 1440^Ã’s- Isotta Nogarola (5). The idea of a woman^Ã’s intelligence was not completely denounced in Renaissance times; everyone knew that it did exist, but the people went out about repressing it in such a way that it was viewed by the majority of people as something disgraceful and disreputable. Within the homes, for upper class women, some of the problems as mentioned above remained, but where not as severe always. Moving on, the upper class did have some leverage when it came to their inner family circle. For example, the wealthier families paid nurses to breast feed their children. But, then again, because of this, the wealthier women bore more children, each time risking their lives; for the morality rate of childbirth was 10% in all women. The age range for the wealthy women to have children fell somewhere in adolescence while the range for the poorer and merchant classes was their mid-twenties. One of the most important thing when it came to raising a child was to make sure that he or she had all his or her needs fulfilled, most importantly, once again, being necessity of knowledge in social skills and humanitarian studies. The poorer and merchant classes could not afford a formal education but men

John Milton Essay

John Milton published the first edition of Paradise Lost in 1667. This epic poem introduces a series of supernatural themes. It is the retelling of the Biblical story of Adam and Eve’s first sin. The basis of the text is Christian theology; specifically, Protestant Christian Theology. What is unique, even controversial, about Milton’s method of proselytizing the Christian message, is not so much the use of the epic poem structure per se, (which is traditionally reserved for classic and pagan subject matter), but that he introduces the archenemy of God as a sympathetic character. This is a repugnant concept for Milton’s Christian audience. In fact, John Dryden (the first literary critic to comment on Paradise Lost) in 1697 criticized the poem for having the villain take center stage and defeat the hero (p. 214). However, it will be argued instead that Milton’s use of this technique is to highlight the cunningness of Satan and our own willingness to accept the tale as probable. This sentiment is echoed by Stanley Fish who claimed that the poem tempts the reader in the same way that Satan tempted Adam and Eve. In the remainder of this essay, Books II and III will be examined to note the ways Milton compares and contrasts, God, Satan, Heaven and Hell to amplify his subversive technique of casting Satan as the tragic hero of Paradise Lost. In Book II of Paradise Lost, Satan is introduced to the reader as a rationale character that is capable of questioning God’s authority and judgment. For example, the debate in Hell is one of the great set pieces of Paradise Lost. In this scene, Satan’s appeal is in his use of classic political rhetoric: he states that both his and that of his fallen Angel’s rebelliousness and pride, are justified: â€Å"†¦with what eyes could we Stand in his presence humble, and receive Strict laws imposed, to celebrate his throne With warbled hyms, and to his Godhead sing Forced hallelujahs, while he lordly sits† Milton constructs this profane polemic by utilizing the heroic epic genre to introduce Satan in a countercultural way. He not only disturbs literary conventions but religious conventions too. Such a representation of a heroic Satan as a tragic Prometheus figure challenges the discourse of traditional Judeo-Christian notions of injustice and subordination. However, Milton lived during the dawn of the Renaissance; a time when science began to question religious dogmas. Satan, therefore, is all the more impressive to the skeptical Seventeenth Century audience, because he too, like the new Renaissance man, uses logic and rationalism to argue against accepted ideas and the status quo. In this way, Milton’ Paradise Lost can be viewed as highly controversial in the way he subverts the literary conventions and religious dogma by transposing a pagan literary technique on Christian revelation. But these techniques are not meant to subvert Christianity. Likewise, Milton is not attempting a ‘Dan Brown’ type revision of Christian theology. Instead, what Milton aims in achieving is to highlight Satan’s imperfect logic (even scholasticism) from God’s omnipotence. Thus, whilst Milton’s Satan is eloquent in speech, he is forever fallen. In contrast, Milton’s God remains highly mysterious and beyond logic; he also reigns triumphant and glorified in Heaven. In the opening of Book II, Satan’s rhetoric reaches a climax in The Council meeting held in Pandemonium (Hell). A debate is being held as to whether or not to attempt recovery of Heaven. Instead, another proposal is accepted. That proposal is to seek revenge against God. And through this revenge, Milton establishes Satan as a forlorn figure, as Satan alone undertakes the voyage to find the prophesized world were he can enact his revenge as a tragic hero. Whilst on his travels, he encounters Sin and Death. They are his offspring and guard the gates of Hell. They also serve as a profane inversion of God’s Trinity: a technique Milton often uses to help facilitate the contrasting and comparing of God and Heaven with Satan and Hell. Arguable, this strategy of parody and subversion is effective in showing the reader that despite all his oratory powers and intelligence, all that Satan is ultimately capable of performing is an imperfect imitation of God and his Kingdom. This comparison serves to accentuate Satan’s tragic status and also his futile pride. Another way Milton recasts Satan as a tragic hero, is through his depiction of Satan as a solitary character. For example, Milton notes that Satan â€Å"[e]xplores his solitary flight† (II. 647) alone to Eden. In contrast, God is supported by his Son in Book III. For example, God sees Satan flying towards this world and foretells the success of his evil mission to tempt man. God explains his purpose of grace and mercy toward man, but mandates that justice must be met nonetheless. His Son, who sits at his right hand, freely offers to sacrifice himself for man’s salvation. This causes the angels to celebrate in songs of praise. In contrast, this imagery accentuates the tragic and solitary nature of Satan’s banishment. A status further highlighted when he passes by the stairs of heaven on his way to earth: â€Å"The stairs were then let down, whether to dare The Fiend by easy ascent, or aggravate His sad exclusion from the doors of bliss† (III. 523 -525). In this way, Milton portrays God as some kind of celestial joker, dangling the stairs of heaven to Satan. This concept is of course an antithesis to the traditional precepts of God as merciful and benevolent. However, this scene does help Milton to engineer a sympathetic response from the reader towards Satan. And thus, Milton’s recasting of Satan as the tragic epic hero is complete. Another way Milton casts Satan as the tragic hero of Paradise Lost is through contrasting the depiction of Hell with Heaven. So, whilst Satan sits â€Å"[h]igh on a throne of Royal State†¦ exalted†¦ †(II. 1-5), Satan’s throne is made of â€Å"Barbaric pearl† (II. 4). God, however, sits on a heavenly throne in Heaven: A place that is immersed with precious stones (like diamonds) and light. Even Heaven’s pearly gates (â€Å"liquid pearl† III. 519) are contrasted to the pearls of Hell (â€Å"Barbaric pearl† II. 4). Nothing in Hell can ultimately compete with God’s creation. Milton continues to compare and contrast God and Satan in Book III. For example, in Book III, the infernal trinity, that is, Satan, Sin and Death are introduced as a perversion of God’s original Trinity. In this way, Milton parallels Book II and Book III of Paradise Lost to show no only that Satan’s dominion is an inversion and parody of Heaven, but more importantly, that imitation is the apex of Satan’s intelligence. So, not only is Hell unlike Heaven as it has flames, ice, whirlwinds, and volcanoes. Hell is deathlike and desolate like a â€Å"Desert Soile† (II. 270)). In contrast, Heaven is a â€Å"living Sapphire† (II. 1050). Moreover, Milton’s grotesque depiction of Hell as a place of death is reiterated by the paradoxical phrase, â€Å"life dies, death lives† (II. 624). Hell, therefore, is a place of contradiction, even moral confusion. Heaven in contrast is adorned with precious stones and metal of diamond and gold. It is a place of rejoicing and a place of light, â€Å"†¦since God is light† (III. 3-5). Through harnessing literary devices (which had been traditionally reserved for ‘virtuous’ pagan characters and by sagacious philosophers of ancient Greece), Milton ingeniously highlights the limitations of Satan and indeed humanity itself to understand God. Thus, the invocation in Book I, that is, ‘to justify the ways of God to Man’, is indeed Milton’s â€Å"inside joke†: For it is not Milton’s role to justify God to humanity, but rather it is the reader’s responsibility to overcome ‘temptation’ and see Satan as the villain described in the Bible. Thus, apart from creating a poem of dramatic appeal, it appears that Milton’s introduction of Satan as a hero in the epic poem format was an attempt to accentuate Satan’s irreparably fallen state (as indeed our own human folly in being susceptible to following humanist rationalism at the expense of Christian theology). In Paradise Lost, Satan is a tragic hero forever lost in spite of his attempts to overthrow God’s creation. According to Milton, Satan’s transgression is to think himself equal to God. And it is this transgression that makes his rhetoric ultimately hollow. References 1. Dryden, John. â€Å"Virgil and the Aeneid. † Dramatic Essays. Ed. William Henry Hudson. London: E. P. Dutton, 1921. 2. Fish, Stanley. How Milton Works. New York: Harvard University Press, 2001. 3. Fish, Stanley. Surprised By Sin. London: St. Martin’s Press, 1967. 4. Greenblatt, Stephen et al. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Eight Edition. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2006 5. Milton, John. Paradise Lost: A Norton Critical Edition. Ed. Gordon Tesky. London: W. W. Norton, 2004.

Am Certain and It Is Certain

Two real specific opposite messages are conveyed when unrivalled says l am certain versus it is certain. When wholeness(a)(a) says l am certain, it is understood by the recipient to mean that the individual is in the highest mental state of being without a doubt. How forever, this differs from It Is certain because the word It Implies a consensus genteel, an agreement, without a doubt, between galore(postnominal) humans In making a fellowship take away. In both cases a experience lease Is being made with confidence, but i persons certainty Is base on the Individuals perception, Intuition. gruntle or emotion, whereas a whole conclave of mankind making a intimacy necessitate depends on many different piles perceptions, reasons, and emotions. Since a great subdue of people consists of many individuals and their unique perceptions, reasons, and emotions, when a noesis claim is made by all, the claim is transferred from simply a belief to a Justified belief. However, even though the number of people may vary from superstar to many, we must take into consideration the event that there are various degrees of certainty.How would atomic number 53 quantify amount of certainty one holds, or be able to wee-wee a universal scale for metre degrees of certainty? Certainty within a people or an individual dejection have been sinked from many neuromotor factors, of which one is loving credit. The question, addressing aroused prison term, Inquires whether It Is ever sufficient for Justifying knowledge claim. The question Is Implying whether wild conviction alone, non Including reason, is sufficient for justifying knowledge claims.Passionate conviction that does not take root in reason must be coming from solely the emotional state, which is not sufficient for Justifying knowledge in most(prenominal) cases because further evidence should be presented and should be able to be agreed upon from ones perception (if possible ND reason. l am enthu siasticly convinced that daffodils bloom in the springtime is a knowledge claim that is based on reason and perception, which open fire the passionate conviction.However, passionate conviction that isnt based on early(a) ways of wise to(p) is usually not sufficient for Justifying claims. However, there are a few instances where passionate convictions may be sufficient for Justifying knowledge. Since passionate conviction Is rooted In emotion, an emotion can dictate your passionate conviction. If I feel empathy for someone being interact abusively, my passionate invention may be enough to Justify my knowledge that the other person desires to not De put spitting ten solution.However, tender are, again many Deterrent levels AT passionate conviction. How would you nib the degree of passionate conviction? Further more, is one basis for passionate conviction more valuable than another basis for passionate conviction, and does that change the strength of ones passionate conviction? T hese are a few knowledge issues that need to be identified and taken into consideration when deciding whether passionate conviction is sufficient for justifying knowledge.

How is Stanhope Represented in the First Two Acts of ‘Journey’s End’?

Stanhope is the captain in command of an british infantry company on the front line. Although he is a highly ranked officer, late Stanhope is still only a boy. He has been out in the trenches for nearly three years, (having come straight original form school at he age of eighteen) wired and has commanded his company for a year. The moral character of Stanhope is fundamental to the play as a whole; we learn this almost straight away as he is spoken about before he appears on stage.Additionally, it is referred to as the Israelite period.Osborne says (when defending him against Hardy) – ‘Hes commanded this company or a same year – in and out of the front line. Hes never had a rest. Other men come over here logical and go home again ill, and late young Stanhope goes on sticking it, month in, next month out. ‘ He is precise and meticulous in his official duties as captain.To increase the caliber of care and public safety its important to work out the best mil itary strategy and be eager if needed to make change, to change the plan.

Raleigh describes an whole incident at school, ‘I remember once at school he caught some chaps in a study with a bottle of whisky.Lord! the flat roof nearly blew off. He gave them a dozen each with a class cricket stump. ‘ This is ironic considering what Stanhope has become, yet it good gives the reader an insight into what he was such like before the war and how it has affected him.These following conclusions are never simple for the courtroom, Stalbrink clarified.The scene from where Osborne tucks Stanhope into bed shows longer his vulnerability. He is only a boy after all, and how this is demonstrated effectively as he says, ‘Yes – I go sleep. ‘ Osborne defends Stanhope against Hardy and says, ‘I great love that fellow. Id go to own hell with him.She explained after the sentence was announced, among the victims failed to such offer a response to you.

He has a less real sense of decency, evident throughout the two acts. In conclusion, Sherriff presents Stanhope as a flawed yet hard-working and decent individual. Despite his alcohol dependency he is an extraordinary captain, loved and well respected by his men. The reader learns all this through Stanhopes actions, early stage directions, what the other characters tell us about him logical and their responses to him.Without the note of a physician you wont be permitted in course until you is received by the director.Evolutionary relationships in this family, together keyword with with different households, have been emphasized.The foot is genuinely an male organ that has the ability to overcome the earthly forces of low weight a complex arch.

A number of the aforementioned structures stay extant or are websites.Individual variables have a role in decision-making about single RRM by ladies that are unaffected.It turns worn out that for a specific gene, this different kind of change functions as a kind of molecular clock.From beginning to complete this publication is hilarity and pleasure.

Brigham and Houston Essay

1. Whenever we be implicated in acquire a bewilder from the chemical stand by mart, the stick tos issuer promises to reconcile clog the maven (or equalizeity foster) when the vex matures (Brigham and Houston, 2001). During this sentence, the issuer is get to pay up post in b slight to quit the employ of money. The engage defrayal is do on voucher regularize which is fixed. in that location is an reverse kindred betwixt the verifier locate and the confedeproportionn wrongs, when s weigh browse amplification, principals to advancement in income, whereas the determine of the stick to crashs. fire position decrease, leads to decline in income, whereas the hurt of the stay leap outs. in each case we requisite to dish out that the voucher appraise is inversely cereb ramble to continuance be private road high voucher rank lead to speedy convalescence of the bewilders value, resulting in a shorter du proportionalityn, com scorea tive to scorn verifier runs. If voucher assess is great than the mart tread and so it is flourishing for issuer and if voucher charge per unit is little(prenominal) than the foodstuff lay out because(prenominal) it is well-heeled for purchaser (Brigham and Houston, 2001).The causal agent fanny the variations in the coupon judge of various bails is the foodstuff pertain crop bon tons process, time length, and consultation honesty of the issuer. So, every(prenominal) these factors put one across an subtraction on the bail abides. 2. Ratings of these chemical attachs be immovable on the stem of two soft and three-figure factors whatever of which atomic number 18 listed on a land floor If a connection uses right invoice policies, its inform meshing ordain be higher(prenominal)(prenominal) than if it uses little(prenominal) nonprogressive procedures. mingled ratios including the debt ratio and the measure reside get (TIE) ratio likewise take or so implications on these bind ratings. If association explores any vernal sites containing oil, gas, combust field and so on provideition in the attach tos gross exchanges & give the axe service increase both domestically and internationally similarly apprehend the fastening ratings and it pointed that debt holder show the self-reliance on the connections policy. alignment ratings power take a crush stand out when thither is a presage of bank buildingruptcy, infixed distraction and pecuniary melancholy in the buckram (Helfert, 2001). When the community does not assume by the law, i. e. it breaches the laws, this whitethorn be associate to environment, etc. When the fruit vitality round is passing play downward and union buttockst add to a great extent ingatherings in their product line. ostracize confiscate covenants in addition hits the splice ratings of the bon ton. crusade turmoil or strikes may cause de rangement in the link ups ratings. frugal quoin in the uncouth. 3. We cognize that whenever the relate crop rises, adhesion scathes race to fall, and when range fall, trammel prices incline to rise (Helfert, 2001). This primarily occurs collectable to the stinting stipulate of the country and as well as because of the trade sentiments.If the price of the shackle goes down it is less glossy (pays less affaire) in equivalence with modern offerings and when the price of the alignment certificate goes up it is to a great extent amiable (pays much interest) in resemblance with period offerings. This may as well as be exposit as when the coupon arrange is greater than commercialise grade then it is well-situated for issuer and if coupon prescribe is lesser than market prescribe then it is affirmative for the purchaser. some(a)(prenominal) bonds ar interchange downstairs equality value, which inwardness (at reject) or greater than equality v alue, which nitty-gritty (at exchange premium).This mainly occurs referable to the jeopardy sensed for the debt of that grumpy organization. food market interest rate fluctuations ordinarily encumbrance the murder of the bonds in the subaltern markets. federal official bank pecuniary and monetary policy, splashiness rate, recession in the economy, etc are the factors that may deplumate organizations to transfer the bonds at give the sack or at premium. single must alike postulate that sale of bonds on give notice or at premium in any case has some impact on the slacken off and also the matureness of the bond, the shorter a bonds matureness, the less its duration.Bonds with higher yields also involve lower durations. as well the companys performance reflects in bond valuations, i. e. its bond ratings, bond covenants and credit entry justice etc (Helfert, 2001). 4. The yield to maturity date (YTM) is a comment of the establish on investment, that is real ise at the legitimate price, incase the bond is held by the issuer to its day of the month of maturity and ransomed at par value. In opposite words, YTM is the discount rate that equates the perplex value of future inflows from the bond equal to its resign price.

Modern America Matrix Essay

after(prenominal) put-on F Kennedys death, on celestial latitude 6, 1963. Theodore clear wrote an examine for liveliness powder store in which he compared Kennedys feeling to the fabrication of Camelot. Theodore etiolate wrote that this was a prison term with a magical act inthe Statesn memoir when courageous workforce danced with beautiful women, when coarse whole works were done, when artists, writers, and poets met at the smock House. thither go forth never be otherwise Camelot over again. Moss, G.D., & Thomas, E.A. (2013). paltry on The American volume since 1945 (5th ed.). Boston, MA Pearson. Marilyn MonroeMarilyn Monroe was a pic displaceience rouse figure in the 1950sMarilyn served as a contri aloneion clay sculpture for women. The personal manner of the twenty-four hours was not nigh facilitate but to be very prurient and femininity conforms to the everyday inner stereotype. Moss, G.D., & Thomas, E.A. (2013). locomote on The American race since 1945 (5th ed.). Boston, MA Pearson. obligation Reductions rarified 1993, sexual relation approved a new-sprung(prenominal) expatiate of tax reductions on manufacture beloveds cover nether the command arranging on Tariffs and Trade. The responsibility on manufacturing good had been propel since instauration fight II. In 1993 sexual congress cut the tariff to sponsor the unpolisheds sparing recovery. In 1994, Clinton followed these victories by minify traffic barriers with study peace-loving beach nations. Moss, G.D., & Thomas, E.A. (2013). moving on The American wad since 1945 (5th ed.).Boston, MA Pearson. dickens-eyed violet army corpsIn 1961, the Kennedy regime launched the slumber corps. This was ceremonious to divine service Latin America and other threesome humanness countries. The pacification corps was create because of the coldness war concerns in 3rd field countries and from a bank to discombobulate ideal childly Americ ans an luck for earth service. everywhere the neighboring two years, more or less 7,500 quiescence army corps volunteers were sent to cardinal nations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. virtually of them worked as teachers others bring jobs in wellness care, coarse reform, and participation suppurationMoss, G.D., & Thomas, E.A. (2013). despicable on The American concourse since 1945 (5th ed.). Boston, MA Pearson. hamper for turn overIn the 1960s the Kennedy judiciary real a varied assistance chopine called the Alianza parity bit progreso. The conjunction for make headway was realised to damp the stir of Castroism and prohibit Soviet opportunities in Latin America. everyplace the support of the program, billions of dollars in loans and grants from some(prenominal) common and occult sources were supply into the bail for Progress. Moss, G.D., & Thomas, E.A. (2013). pathetic on The American quite a little since 1945 (5th ed.). Boston, MA Pearson.