The Imperfection of Translation :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

The Imperfection of Translation The essential problem with translation is an obvious unmatched. A word has more qualities than just its denotation. For one, a word has a sound, an attribute which has great importance in poetry (though we should not underestimate its significance in prose, as well). Also, a word consists of various connotations, meanings which only rarely cross over from manner of speaking to language. Complicating matters is the nature of literature itself. Writers and poets put option pressure on the language they often choose words because of their rich variety of meanings, complicating rather than clarifying their subjects. Unfortunately, then, for the translator of literature, the currency of words is not as easy to exchange as the other kind of currency. E. V. Rieu recognizes the inherent difficulty of translation. Perfect translation may be impossible, so the best we can hope for, he writes in the following, is a translation of the spirit of the work I call it the principal of equivalent effect and regard it as signifying that that translation is the best which comes nearest to creating in its audience the same impression as was made by the original on its contemporaries (55). Rieu criticizes the translators of the King James Version of the Bible for remaining stubbornly faithful to the original language. Here he presents a parable, the moral of which is undoubtedly weakened by awkward translation. St. Luke in xvii. 8 reports Jesus as imagining a paroxysm in which a master says to his slave, Get something ready for my supper. The Greek is colloquial and the master is not represented as speaking politely. Yet the authorized translators put into his mouth the words Make ready wherewith I may sup. (55) In that example the superiority of Rieus plain-spoken translation is obvious, but it begs the question of how much freedom does one give a translator. Rieus ideal that a translated work must cause the same impression as the original seems to give scholars license to embellish. Werner Winter believes that, disregardless of the degree of embellishment, translation cannot avoid altering the work. Try as we might, Winter writes, Meaning and form cannot be dissociated from one another (70).

The Justification of Morality and Why You Should Act Morally :: Morality Morals Controversial Issues Essays

The Justification of Morality and Why You Should Act Morally1. Introduction In this paper I wish to consider the pursuit related headlands (i) Can a system of exampleity be justified? (ii) Why should one act chastely? (iii) How can others be persuaded to act morally? Clearly none of these questions is new, and moral philosophers have proposed a variety of responses to them over the centuries without reaching all general agreement. Nevertheless, because these questions are fundamental to any practical covering of moral theory, it is worthwhile to continue to reflect upon them. For Jewish, Christian and Muslim societies, the justification of morality is the Word of God as expressed in the Bible and Koran. presumption an authoritative text containing basic moral premises, the appropriate method for obtaining rules of conduct is a process of logical deduction from those premises to conclusions. However, if we focus our inquiry on European and American societies in the present cent ury, the decline of belief in religious authority has undermined this approach to moral theory for many people. This monumental change-for morality-may be attributed to many factors. An increase in multicultural studies has emphasized the wide variety of beliefs that human beings hold, which may have led more people to doubt that any one of them is authoritative. A number of writers over the years have commented on the correspondence of specific religious beliefs with ones society of birth, again leading thoughtful individuals to question the authority of their childhood religious beliefs. As a general sociological observation, one can point to a positive correlation between change magnitude educational level and a diminished belief in the authority of religious texts. When thoughtful persons reject religious authority as the basis of morality, it becomes essential to find another basis for moral beliefs. One of the few statements about contemporary moral philosophy which is unlike ly to encounter opposition is that no moral theory enjoys wide acceptance. At present the most widely discussed theories of morality in the British-American literature are functionalism, deontology and social contract theory. The well known utilitarian approach to ethical (note 1) decision making was proposed by Jeremy Bentham in his Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789) and elaborated by John Stuart Mill in several(prenominal) books, e.g., Utilitarianism (1863). In Chapter 1, Bentham defines utility as that which tends to produce benefit, advantage, pleasure, good, or happiness (all this in the present case comes to the same thing).

Motivation in Business Essay -- Motivation and Job Performance

motif is best defined as the needs, wants, and beliefs that drive an individual. It is the basis of what people work for and keeps them doing things they otherwise would never do. People act in a whole new manner when they are affectd by something. Motivation gives them a whole new perception of the task at hand. Motivation is not always positive though, and it does not always just come from one place, for example, your boss. Motivation can be negative by not receiving something, and contrary to ordinary belief it is not always money that motivates people to do what they do. People corroborate diametric needs, wants, and desires and the finding what is most important to those individuals is the key to motivation. People and companies have used countless techniques and approaches to motivate others and employees, but what works for one person does not necessarily work for the other.Different companies and departments of those companies have very different approaches to mot ivate their workers to being the best they can. For example, I worked for three years at a food Store called Wegmans when I was younger. I worked as a cashier which was elicit to say the least. Managers were always trying to motivate the cashiers to go that much faster, be that much friendlier, and to be more efficient at every opportunity. They took many different approaches to find what would motivate each cashier, which was a difficult task considering how young each cashier was, the large number of us their were, and how different each employee was from the other. Motivation is taking on a whole new world then it once did, it is not only taking on people to do lesser personal tasks like quitting smoking, but instead people are starting to re... ...(Oct 2005) More than motivation. T+D, 59 (10), 22-23.C.P. (Mar 2007) More than a game. Entrepeneur, 92.Cichelli, D. (Jul/Aug 2006) Incentives that really motivate. Sales and marketing management, 158 (6), 25.Devaro J., & Brook shire D. (April 2007) Promotions and incentives in nonprofit and for- profit organizations. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 60 (3), 311-339 Dimon, A. (Jul/Aug 2005) Different strokes for different folks. Meetings and Incentive. Travel, 34 (4) 18-22.Douglas, A. (Jun 2003) Motivational boot camp. Flare, 25 (6), 112.Halbesleben, J. (2003) Emotional enervation and job performance the medical role of motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92 (1), 93-106.Anonymous. (Nov 2003) Could the incentive wars be shirting into a lower gear? Barron?s, 83 (47) 10Anonymous (Dec 2006) Benefits Envy. Financial Director, 16.

Symbolism in A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams Essay

Symbolism in A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee WilliamsIn Tennessee Williams play, A Streetcar Named Desire, the character of Blanche Dubois is a vivid shell of the use of symbolism throughout the play. Blanche wants to view things in an unrealistic way. I dont want realism. I want magicI gauge to give that to people. I misrepresent things to them. I dont tell truth, I tell what ought to be truth (Blanche p.117). She doesnt want earth alternatively she wishes to view a rose-colored version of life that goes along with her old-fashioned southern belle personality.Blanche doesnt want to face the reality of her problems. She wants everything to be softened and dense for her, just as the light is softened and dimmed by the shade. Light often symbolizes truth, which is why she doesnt like to stand in an illuminated room. She hides from reality and lives in a world of her own creation. I cant stand a naked bulb, any more than I can a rude remark or a vulgar action (Blanche p.55 sce ne 3). She had bought a little colored paper lantern to put it over the light bulb, so the room could get that mysterious touch that she wanted. Soft people have got to shimmer and glow- theyve got to put on soft colors, the colors of butterfly wings, and put a paper lantern over the light It isnt enough to be soft. Youve got to be soft and attractive. And I-Im fading now I dont see how much longer I can turn the trick (Blanche p. 79 scene 5). Blanche can al...

Gender Differences :: Gender Sex

Gender DifferencesIn todays world, women ar taking a more active role in their finagleers. There are women who admit large companies, own their own businesses, and are very active in their community, moreover there are also those women who are just laid substructure better known as gals. Gals take on their responsibilities, but they are not as serious rough their lives as women. Gals tend to live their lives to the fullest. They assure sporting events, go to bars, and do not care what mountain think just about them. Women are always concerned about their appearance and what other pack think. Women take life very seriously. They see the world as a challenge everyday whether they are at the component part or at hearthstone with the family. They always have an agenda for everything that they do, and a original way of doing it. For example, a business woman has to wear a certain type of suit, shoes and accept a certain car. Women have a re markation to uphold. On the other hand, gals wear what makes them feel good and dress for themselves sooner than dressing for others. Gals drive cars they can afford rather than driving a car they have no way of paying for.Gals are basically the average out woman. They go to work everyday, find home and take care of the family and then take care of themselves. This means that they take time out of their busy day to satisfy some of their needs. Gals go out on the town with their friends, to volunteer their time for the needy, and they just make the best out of what they have. Women take care of themselves but its not the same. They take care of their inner needs. Women tend to ignore their emotional needs because there is no room in their agenda. Gals go with the flow and siret worry about an agenda.Gals are seen as women, but gals do not act as women. Gals act as themselves not someone else. Women put on faces for different people and do not show their true feelings. When women are compar ed to each other, women are seen as petty and insecure while the gals are seen as being informal going and free-spirited.Gender Differences Gender SexGender DifferencesIn todays world, women are taking a more active role in their careers. There are women who lead large companies, own their own businesses, and are very active in their community, but there are also those women who are just laid back better known as gals. Gals take on their responsibilities, but they are not as serious about their lives as women. Gals tend to live their lives to the fullest. They attend sporting events, go to bars, and do not care what people think about them. Women are always concerned about their appearance and what other people think. Women take life very seriously. They see the world as a challenge everyday whether they are at the office or at home with the family. They always have an agenda for everything that they do, and a certain way of doing it. For example, a business woman has to wear a certain type of suit, shoes and drive a certain car. Women have a reputation to uphold. On the other hand, gals wear what makes them feel good and dress for themselves rather than dressing for others. Gals drive cars they can afford rather than driving a car they have no way of paying for.Gals are basically the average woman. They go to work everyday, come home and take care of the family and then take care of themselves. This means that they take time out of their busy day to satisfy some of their needs. Gals go out on the town with their friends, to volunteer their time for the needy, and they just make the best out of what they have. Women take care of themselves but its not the same. They take care of their inner needs. Women tend to ignore their emotional needs because there is no room in their agenda. Gals go with the flow and dont worry about an agenda.Gals are seen as women, but gals do not act as women. Gals act as themselves not someone else. Women pu t on faces for different people and do not show their true feelings. When women are compared to each other, women are seen as petty and insecure while the gals are seen as being easy going and free-spirited.

Gender Differences :: Gender Sex

Gender DifferencesIn todays world, women are taking a more operateive function in their portion outers. There are women who lead large companies, own their own affaires, and are very active in their community, further there are in like manner those women who are just laid back better known as gals. Gals sign up on their responsibilities, but they are not as serious active their lives as women. Gals tend to live their lives to the fullest. They attend sporting events, go to bars, and do not care what people think slightly them. Women are al counsels pertain about their appearance and what other people think. Women take life very seriously. They see the world as a contest everyday whether they are at the office or at home with the family. They always have an agenda for everything that they do, and a certain way of doing it. For example, a business woman has to break up a certain type of suit, shoes and drive a certain car. Women have a reputation to uphold. On the other hand, gals wear what makes them feel good and graze for themselves rather than dressing for others. Gals drive cars they can afford rather than driving a car they have no way of paying for.Gals are fundamentally the average woman. They go to work everyday, come home and take care of the family and then take care of themselves. This means that they take time out of their engaged day to satisfy some of their needs. Gals go out on the town with their friends, to volunteer their time for the needy, and they just make the dress hat out of what they have. Women take care of themselves but its not the same. They take care of their inner needs. Women tend to ignore their emotional needs because there is no manner in their agenda. Gals go with the string up and dont worry about an agenda.Gals are seen as women, but gals do not act as women. Gals act as themselves not individual else. Women put on faces for different people and do not show their true feelings. When w omen are compared to each other, women are seen as petty and insecure opus the gals are seen as being easy going and free-spirited.Gender Differences Gender SexGender DifferencesIn todays world, women are taking a more active role in their careers. There are women who lead large companies, own their own businesses, and are very active in their community, but there are also those women who are just laid back better known as gals. Gals take on their responsibilities, but they are not as serious about their lives as women. Gals tend to live their lives to the fullest. They attend sporting events, go to bars, and do not care what people think about them. Women are always concerned about their appearance and what other people think. Women take life very seriously. They see the world as a challenge everyday whether they are at the office or at home with the family. They always have an agenda for everything that they do, and a certain way of doing it. For example, a business woman has to wear a certain type of suit, shoes and drive a certain car. Women have a reputation to uphold. On the other hand, gals wear what makes them feel good and dress for themselves rather than dressing for others. Gals drive cars they can afford rather than driving a car they have no way of paying for.Gals are basically the average woman. They go to work everyday, come home and take care of the family and then take care of themselves. This means that they take time out of their busy day to satisfy some of their needs. Gals go out on the town with their friends, to volunteer their time for the needy, and they just make the best out of what they have. Women take care of themselves but its not the same. They take care of their inner needs. Women tend to ignore their emotional needs because there is no room in their agenda. Gals go with the flow and dont worry about an agenda.Gals are seen as women, but gals do not act as women. Gals act as themselves not someone else. Women put on faces for different people and do not show their true feelings. When women are compared to each other, women are seen as petty and insecure while the gals are seen as being easy going and free-spirited.

Formation of Asean Essay

The makeup of AoceanN was mainly driven by the desire to improve on diplomatic relations between Southeast Asian nations so that they could focus more on nation building efforts. The 1960s was the decade of tumult, where Southeast Asian nations faced various external tensions and conflicts from one another. During then, it was of utmost greatness for ocean nations to improve multilateral diplomatic relations so as to promote peace in the region. This peace would refer to ensuring semipolitical stability and lessen animosity among SEA nations so as to allow them to build their nations collective as a whole.Should the territorial disputes and racial tensions between SEA nations escalate to fortify conflict between SEA nations, it could greatly affect SEA nation building. There were a few key events which highlighted this fear. IndonesiaMalaysia confrontation during 19621966 expressed Indonesias political and armed opposition to the creation of Malaysia. In 1963, President Sukarno ordered Indonesian paratroopers to instigate a military attack on Malaysia and to initiate acts of sabotage in Singapore. This situation and events subsequently strained ties between the two nations.To make matters worse, Malaysias relationship with Philippines were soured due to dispute ownership over Sabah. These SEA countries had to plug with conflicts with its neighbours while tending to their own domestic problems. Indonesia, embroiled in conflict with Malaysia, suffered internal discontent due to Sukarnos mismanagement of the economy and the implementation of point democracy. As SEA nations wanted to concentrate fully on nation building efforts, they first had to settle regional disputes so as to be satisfactory to allocate time and resources for domestic improvement.Thus, ASEAN was set up by the desire to improve diplomatic relations. Although the main impetus for the formation of ASEAN was political in nature, sparing cooperation was also high on the agenda of the organi sation. The economies of the SEA nations were still developing in the 1960s and were largely dependant on their foreign colonel masters. As such, the SEA nations wanted to form ASEAN so as to promote regional trade and economic links. In this way, they can cut dependence from western countries but preferably tap on resources from within.In the 1960s, intra-regional trade was a mere 12% to 15%. With the formation of ASEAN, economic cooperation blossomed as new agreements were signed. These include the ASEAN Free softwood Area, whose objective is to increase the regions competitive advantage as a single production unit. It was a way to help boost the burgeoning industries of SEA. It is authorised to develop the economy of these young SEA nations as it ensures peace, progress and prosperity in a nation. Thus, one of the other reasons for the formation of ASEAN was to promote economic development.However, although the formation of ASEAN was spurred by various reasons, the desire to i mprove diplomatic relations among the countries proved to be the greatest motivation source. Strong diplomatic relations and trust among SEA nations will allow countries to develop their society and economy. If no trust exists between countries, there can be hardly any economic activity as countries would be skeptical of each other. Thus improving diplomatic relations would be more important than promoting economic activity. Bibliography www. wikipedia. org www. worldscibooks. com/eastasianstudies/4689. html

Investment Analysis-Derivatives: Options and Warrants Essay

This report will encompass brief explanation of stick upting surface derivatives namely, alternatives and confirms.What are Options?A contract which enables the investor to buy or sell a particular fiscal instrument is known as an plectrum ( Rao, 2003, p. 676). The underlying financial product in equity survival of the fittest is stocks. These contracts have expiry dates hence an investor tolerate exercise option forward its expiration. The options can be exercised at a specific scathe which is known as striking set or exercise toll (Rao, 2003, p. 676). Essentially options are of two types, call option and put option.Call option It is an option which allows the option holder to buy or call a specific number of shares at a specific price, inside an already specified time period (Rao, 2003, p. 677). For instance, 3 months ago, an investor purchased a 6-months call-option on 500 shares of Hewlett Packard at the strike price of $40 per share. If the current grocery store pri ce of the stock is $50, the investor has a choice to exercise the option and purchase 500 shares at $40 instead of $50. This implies that an investor would want to buy a call option if he expects the market price to rise above the exercise price (Rao, 2003, p. 677)Put option It is an option which allows the option holder to sell or put a specific number of shares at a specific price, within an already specified time period (Rao, 2003, p. 678). This is exactly vice versa to call option therefore an investor would purchase a put option if he expects the market price of the stock to get start than the exercise price.Risk and Returns associated with optionsA disperse of investors employ options as tools to mitigate their adventure in investment, in other words, they insure their investment in stock against any fall in market price (Rao, 2003, p. 679). For e.g. an investor holding a put option has saved himself from even a carbon percent decline in the market price of shares of alph abet Company, and he can still sell the stocks at the specified strike price. This practice is also known as hedging, as the name suggests the investors hedge their risk in the respective investment.However, despite its ability to hedge risks, it should never be neglected that like any other investment it has no guarantee of 100 percent return or earnest. An investor can risk investing huge sum in the shape of premium price of an option. For e.g. if an investors buys a call option and the price of the stock falls below the exercise price, he gets exposed to potential losses. But it is evident that the losses will be relatively lower than what actual stock holders will bear. Hence it can be verifiably be said that options are great instruments for mitigating risk, provided that an investor is able to predict the future stock price movement with much precision and exercise options at the right time in order to make profit.What are rationalises?A warrant is a security issued by a com pany which grants the warrant holder, a right to purchase a specific number of common shares at a specified price, before the warrant expires (Mathur, 2000, p. 436). Investors exercise their warrants when they buy shares directly (trading between the broker and the investor), or trade over the counter. Warrant holders have no claim on dividends and no voting rights. Warrants also are issued with bonds and preferred stocks. Moreover, warrants with bonds can be traded separately in the market as well (Mathur, 2000, p. 437).Characteristics of WarrantsThere are three chief(prenominal) characteristics of warrants which are as follows,1. Expiration date Investors can exercise their option of converting the warrants into shares any time before the warrant expires (Mathur, 2000, p. 437). Generally the life of a warrant is 5-10 years. Hence, during this time, the warrant holder can easily exercise the warrant as per the need and opportunity.2. Premium price The price that warrant holders ag ree to pay for get shares in future, is known as exercise or premium price Mathur, 2000, p. 437). This price is generally 10% to 30% above the prevailing market price of the shares. For e.g. if the market price of Microsoft Corporation is $80, then the warrant issued can be set at $96 (20% above the market price). Therefore, if the stock price rises, the warrant holder can either exercise the warrant to buy shares or sell the warrant in market. However, if the current market price of the stock becomes touch on to or less than the exercise price, the value of the warrant becomes zero (Mathur, 2000, p. 438).3. Exposure to investor Warrants are always issued by with provisions which clearly specify the number of shares that can be bought with a single warrant (Mathur, 2000, p. 438).

Rhetorical mode Essay

Rhetorical modes are methods for effectively communicating through language and writing. Complete the following chart to identify the decision and structure of the various rhetorical modes employ in academic writing. Provide at least two tips for writing each type of rhetorical device. greenback You may not copy and paste anything directly from the textbook or a web site. All information included in this assignment mustiness be written in your own words.Rhetorical ModePurpose Explain when or why each rhetorical mode is used. Structure trace the organizational method that works best with each rhetorical mode. Tips Provide two tips for writing in each rhetorical mode. NarrationNarration is used to tell stories.Narrative writing typically progresses in chronological order.A plot summary can help with organization. Keeping the human senses in top dog can help keep details strong.IllustrationAn essay that clearly demonstrates and supports a point through the use of evidence. The t hesis should be at the beginning, the backing evidence in the body of the paper.Should use a wide variety of words and phrasing. The evidence should be appropriate to the bailiwicks and the earshot. Description To make sure your audience is fully immersed in the words on the page by using sensory details. Spatial order, depending on the writer, descriptions could go from top to bottom or left wing to right.Avoid empty descriptors if possible. Use spatial order to organize your descriptive writing. ClassificationTo break the broad subject down into smaller, more than manageable and more specific parts. Organized by breaking it down into subcategories.Choose topics you know well when writing this type of essay. Make sure you break down your topic at least 3 different ways. Process analysisThe excogitation is to explain how to do something or how something works. In chronological order, trample by step instructions on how something is accomplished.Always have someone else read i t to make sure it makes sense. Always use strong details and clear examples. Definition The purpose is to simply define something. It is organized by context, the circumstance, conditions, or settings in which something occurs or exists.Clearly define what youre writing about. Make sure everything is organized. Compare and melodic phraseThe purpose is to highlight the similarities between two or more similar objects while contrasting highlights the differences between two or more objects. It is organized by introduction, body, and conclusion. There should be advantages and disadvantages. Use comparing and contrasting to find likes or differences. Comparisons focus on similarities and contrast focuses on differences. Cause andThe purpose is to answer why are things like this? What is the effect, or result, of this? What is the cause of this? Explain how one event leads to another. Make a list of causes and prioritize them according to their significance on the effect. amaze causes under main categories and explain them if you find too many interrelated information. PersuasionThe purpose is to convince, or persuade, the reader that the opinion, or assertion, or claim of the writer is correct or valid. It is organized by intro, body, and conclusion. Remember to enter their world, provide the reader with compelling evidence.Write a 100- to 150-word paragraph explanation that demonstrates why oppose and contrast is the appropriate rhetorical mode for the topic you chose in Week Two.Compare and contrast is the appropriate rhetorical mode for the topic I chose because I have two of the similar objects that will be compared and contrasted and also the differences of the two.I will be comparing and contrasting the two methods of losing weight, which are diet and representative or diet pills. In the process of me comparing and contrasting the two I will be learning a lot about what I am in the process of doing which makes this project so interesting to me. I am sure there is going to be a lot of similarities and differences.

Bacteria Growth and Glucose Percentages

Bacterias Growth Affected by Various Glucose Percentages This lab tested whether or non different glucose levels activated bacteria growth. My lab free radical and I wanted to figure out, if much glucose was spread on the bacteria plates, would there be more bacteria growth in the agar plate. My group predicted that with 25% glucose (the highest percentage of glucose), the bacteria growth would be the greatest. In order to conduct this experiment, my group had 3 ager plates. One plate had 0% glucose, the next plate had 5% glucose and the third plate had 25% glucose in it.Once we received all the plates, we light an alcohol burner. We and then used a pipet to sterile collect bacteria from the culture tubes. We then opened the first ager plate (0% glucose) and transferred 10 drops of bacteria culture onto the plate. thence we did the same for the next 2 plates (5% and 25% glucose). Next, we sterilized the spreader by waving it in the flame (alcohol burner) for 15 seconds. Then, we let the spreader cool for 10 seconds, and then opened the first agar plate and spread the bacteria around the plate by quickly and slightly sliding the spreader backward and forth across the plate for 5 seconds.Then we closed the plate and did the same thing for the next 2 plates. Next, we sealed each plate with a disassemble of Para film and then placed the plates with bacteria on the side of the room until the following week. After waiting a week, we received our groups ager plates back. We noticed that with our experiment, the most amount of bacteria growth had no glucose in it. Our results were the following with no glucose, there was 25% bacteria growth, with 5% glucose added to the ager plates, there was except 15% bacteria growth, and with 25% glucose added to the ager plates, only 1% of bacteria growth was present.The least amount of bacteria growth contained the largest percentage of glucose. Based off of our groups results, we can reject our hypothesis. We realized that our prediction was not what our results showed us. Our prediction was that 25% glucose would have the most amount of bacteria growth, however we can directly conclude that bacteria growth does not need any glucose to reproduce. In fact, the more glucose there is, the least amount of bacteria growth occurs. If glucose is present in the bacteria, it is possible for bacteria to reproduce however bacteria will reproduce the greatest when no glucose is present at all.

Self Discipline

Self- set is the ability to make oneself do things that should be done. It is the correction or regulation of oneself for the sake of improvement. Acceptance, willpower, hard work, diligence, and continuity all come in concert to make self discipline. Self discipline is one of the more important attributes a person can master. Acceptance evidently means that you see life as it should be seen and knowingly acknowledge what you see. Without acceptance you get either ignorance or denial.Identify the area in which your discipline is weak, asses where you stand, accept your starting point, and externalise a program to improve. Along with acceptance you need willpower. Willpower is the ability to set a course of action and enunciate yourself to engage. Willpower gives you an intense transitory boost to create the momentum needed to overcome something. If you gather up all of your energy and use it to make a giant movement forward you can attack your problems at their weak points and break them.Self-discipline is the ability to make oneself do things that should be done. It is the correction or regulation of oneself for the sake of improvement. Acceptance, willpower, hard work, diligence, and persistence all come together to make self discipline. Self discipline is one of the more important attributes a person can master. Acceptance simply means that you see life as it should be seen and knowingly acknowledge what you see. Without acceptance you get either ignorance or denial.Identify the area in which your discipline is weak, asses where you stand, accept your starting point, and design a program to improve. Along with acceptance you need willpower. Willpower is the ability to set a course of action and tell yourself to engage. Willpower gives you an intense temporary boost to create the momentum needed to overcome something. If you gather up all of your energy and use it to make a giant movement forward you can attack your problems at their weak points and bre ak them.

Lessons to Sick Leave Essay

NOTE This material is also available as a role-play ( engagement 29, blue Leave). Instructors are advised to use either the role-play or the case, but not both(prenominal) because they overlap considerably. Choosing whether to use the role-play or case materials dep give notices on your goals for the class and the train of sophistication and cross-cultural experience of the students. For homogeneous classes with little previous cross-cultural experience, one option is to use the case to teach the cross-cultural nuances of American- Nipponese negotiations and to follow this with Exercise 28 (500 English Sentences), a role-play with many similar lessons to Sick Leave.ObjectivesThis case is written from the perspective of Kelly, a 22 year old Canadian ancillary English teacher working in Japan. The root of the date in this case is a deep cross-cultural misunderstanding that has transformed into a oft larger incident involving important intangible factors such as saving face and ma intaining principles. Specific learning objectives include1. To understand how two parties gravel frame in a conflict rattling differently in a cross-cultural setting.2. To explore the differences between positions and interests in a cross-cultural negotiation.3. To understand a conflict where the intangible factors are much more important than the tangible factors.Changes from 4th EditionThere are no substantive changes from the Fourth Edition.Operational inevitablyTime Required 45-60 minutes for the case plowion.Special Materials None.Recommended Reading Assignments to Accompany This CaseReader 5.1 (Brett), 5.2 (Salacuse), 5.3 (Senger), 5.4 (Koh).Text Chapter 16Case OverviewOn the surface, this case is real frank. Kelly, a 22 year old Canadian working as an Assistant English teacher in Japan, is sick with the flu, misses 2 days of work, and wants to asseverate these as legitimate sick days as described in her contract. Her supervisor, Mr. Higashi, insists that she take the se days as part of her paid vacation days because that is the Japanese way. The sick leave conflict is symptomatic, however, of a much deeper conflict that Kelly and the other Assistant English teachers have with Mr. Higashi and the other Japanese English teachers. Dynamics be this conflict include face saving, adapting to a different culture, the meaning of contracts in different cultures, and the influence of reference groups on behavior.Background PreparationStudents and the instructor should be familiar with cultural and business differences between Japan and North America. Dated, yet still appropriate, is Howard Van Zandts How to Negotiate in Japan, from the Harvard Business Review of Nov/ descent 1970, more current is Smart Bargaining by John Graham and Yoshihiro Sano, The Influence of Japanese Culture on Business Relationships and Negotiations by Naoko Oikawa and John chromatic Jr., International Dimensions of Organizational Behavior, chapter on Negotiating with Foreigners by Nancy J. Adler, and Cultural Approaches to Negotiations Understanding the Japanese by Brian Hawrysh and Judith Zaichkowsky.Teaching StrategyKelly frames this negotiation as a right to have the sick leave, which is written into her contract. Mr. Higashi frames this negotiation much broader and wants Kelly to fit in at work and to be treated the same as Japanese workers. This situation is very representative of the types of conflict that occur in cross-cultural negotiations between Americans (rights based, contract as enforceable) and Japanese (relationship based, contract as beginning).On the surface, this is a very straightforward situation will Kelly get her contractually guaranteed sick leave benefits or not? The cultural differences, however, make this a high stakes negotiation for both parties, in which the importance of the intangible factors far outweighs that of the tangible factors.Proceed by using the following questions to discuss the case1. What should Kelly do? Should she call CLAIR, or discuss this further with Mr. Higashi? 2. What is this dispute about for Kelly? For Mr. Higashi? In these types of conflicts is a compromise possible? 3. What are the tangible factors in this situation? What are the intangible factors in the negotiation? Is saving face more important to Kelly or Mr. Higashi? Why? Which are more important, the tangible or intangible factors? Is this true for both Kelly and Mr. Higashi?The discussion should abstain with a good summary about Japanese and North American negotiation styles and culture. When negotiating in Japan it is often important to give in for the involvement of peace and harmony, or relationships may be harmed beyond repair. Deciding how to negotiate cross-culturally remains a challenge for every negotiator that negotiates across a border. unmatched of the best pieces discussing this was written by Stephen Weiss (Negotiating With Romans A Range of Culturally-Responsive Strategies, Sloan Management Review, 35, No. 1, pp. 51-61 No. 2, pp. 1-16) and a summary of this work makes a nice conclusion to the class. concluding NoteAlthough this exercise has been modified somewhat it is based on an actual situation that occurred in Japan (names and location have been changed). In the actual incident, Kelly acquire her sick leave but the relationship was seriously harmed and work became more and more uncomfortable. Kelly decided not to renew her contract, and left Japan at the end of the school year.

United States V. Dentsply International, Inc

Name Lei Chen Course ACCT 362W Prof Kenneth Ryesky Esq. Date 11/4/2010 Case Caption get together States v. Dentsply International, Inc. , Court United States of Appeals, Third Circuit. Date Argued September 21, 2004. February 24, 2005 Citation 399 F. 3d 181 Facts This is an antitrust case that the defendant- Dentsply international, Inc. , is one of a dozen manufactures of artificial odontiasis for dentures and other restorative device. Dentsply dominates the industry, his commercialise share is greater than 75 percent and is about fifteen times larger than that of its next-closest competitor.The defendant use conducts his teeth to dealers of dental products then the dealers supply the teeth to dental laboratories, which fabricate dentures for sale to dentists. As the hundreds of dealer who compete with each other on the basis of price and service some other manufactures sell their teeth directly to the laboratories basis of on the price and service Dentsply prohibits its dealers from marketing competitors teeth unless they were marketing the teeth before 1993. The plaintiff- the federal presidential term files a suit in a federal district court against Dentsply, alleging, a violation of Section 2 of the Sherman Act.Issue Was the defendants observeing its dealer from selling competitors products restraint of trade and harm the market? Was the defendants act violating of section 2 of the Sherman Act? Decision Yes, the district courts design was reversed and the case was remanded with directions to grant the governments request for injunctive relief. Reason The Section 2 of the Sherman Act the relevant market in this case was the complete sales of artificial teeth to laboratories and dealers combined.The defendants act preventing its dealer from selling other competitors product was designed to block competitive distribution points, and to prevent giving the customer a choice. It was a plan to maintain monopolistic former, which it is restraints on tra de, harm the market. Opinion I agree with the court decision because Dentsplys act was not allowing dealers to handle competitors teeth, and then there will be few choices in the market giving the customer to choice. Dentsplys monopolistic power could set the teeth price what their want, which the harm the economy and the whole market.

Indigenous Art, Music and Dance Essay

Imaginative, fraudistic, captivating and fleet taking ar a some speech to describe the true beauty of endemic Australian r using up, unison and terpsichore. These three sayings of the endemic goal be as well as class of the Torres Strait Island socialisation who unneurotic coerce up 2. 4% of the Australian universe (Macklin, 2004). These wad express their personal experiences and the native Australian history with fine contrivance pretend, bound and shuttlecockcall. For example, an craft tack may be about the being of the land. practice of medicine good deal interpret the becomes of the animals or the hunters and the leaping be interpreted to the stealing of their children through the stolen propagation period. Examine Art Art is an historic p wilework ploughworkistic creation of the autochthonic culture as it has been passed on for generations. It is an chief(prenominal) dissipate of the culture because its emphasised on original aspects on their history. For example, the dust pictures have been part of the innate Australians paintings history for thousands of years (Atkinson, 2008).Also, we must crap into circumstance that Indigenous Australian art is the oldest ongoing impost of art in the world(Clarity Communications, 2007). so make their art a treausred part of Autsralian culture. Other paintings that we set are rock carvings, personify painting when the Indigenous people would have a ceremonies. All these art forms date back more than 30,000years (Clarity Communications, 2007). The art work today is produced in a assorted commixture but each piece of art work still shows the importance, diversity and richness of the Indigenous culture. contrasting art works keep discern different stories. These stories could be about the stolen generation, the hunting, the land dying, the w cleare people settling, the death of and older or a nigh(a) relative and the journey through an elders eyes. Elders used dot paintings and other paintings such(prenominal) as mimi art which is an art about animals, hu existences and are normally tie up figures have no skeletal system. There is similarly roentgenogram art, a traditional style of art that is shown through the fragile bone and showing the flesh inside(a) the body. Rock art is another type of Indigenous art as it one of the approximately car park styles (Banakeem, 2012).It is done by carving the painting or figures into the rock or wall. Body art is also a form of Indigenous art as body painting is passed out inside unbending conventions that are primarily connected to spiritual matters(Banakeem, 2012). This piece of art work dates back to the earlier 20thCenturary and we pot analyse what this picture could mean by screening the following keys Below are the keys collision stern Tavel Message Communities Man Woman We are sounding st these key features because in groups of 3 or 4, you are to draw a piece of natural art using the keys on the PowerPoint.Remeber e h sign you ise must lay down a story. You are to consecrate a story. As you can see, the making of the art can be fun but its never an easy task. As we have supplied you with the materials, the art was ga in that respectd from clay or orches. In saying this, we can still enjoy the rich culture of our paintings, the Indigenous paintings. move trip the light fantastic was formed by the soonest Indigenous Australians and has been past down from many an(prenominal) generations (Smitz, 2005). Dance is important to us now as we can look at different ways to move, speciate a story and be told a story.The move handsts pull up stakes compared to the movements we see in ballet, jazz or pelvis hop. The movements arent necessarily the jumping around and go on the floor- they include their operators as well. This gathers in the golf hole log outfox Sticks Slap sticks Skin drum These styles of movement include some of the melodyal instruments such as the the slap sticks, which are boomerangs being defecate in concert, skin drums which is using your own body to make a sound, hollow log drums which are a drummed shaped and sticks which are used to hit against the body or can be used to hit against a hard object, for example, a tree or a rock (Smitz, 2005).To incorporate these instruments into the dance was to kick in another beat so then the imitated bird or animals, could be shared (Chee, 2012). It is known that songs and dance were exchanged often at large notice gatherings (Atkinson, 2008). Often, the indigenous culture would perform to a high standard to revel the guest tribe or to please the elders or spirits (Atkinson, 2008). Throughout these dancers, the elders would return together and analyse the performance and judge this aftermath either themselves, by a spirit or by the tribes.These tribes would be respectful in the ending and pick up the winning tribe the dance that they had win or traded. Music Music is an important aspect of the Indigenous culture as they use it as inspiration for a painting, the background noise for a tribal chant and for ceremonial reasons. The harmony that is nigh commonly heard is the didgeridoo. Th didgeridoo creates a sound when you use your mouth, lips, nose and cheeks. Smitz (2005) states that the didgeridoo is a musical comedy instrument used for the conducting of ceremonies, however,the didgeridoo is played by a man and it women at ceremonies (Smitz, 2005).This means that at ceremonies, the didgeridoo should only be played by men and not women. However, music was to be listened, and play by men, women and children. It was used to create tribe chants, musical backgrounds for a story Music was also used by both mens and women to create a tribe chants, musical backgrounds for elder stories and for religious purposes. The music brings an important part of the culture to a tip. The didgeridoo is the main component to completing the music for any Indigen ous piece of music.When ceremonies occur, there is tradintionally one song and two piece of music because the tribes inquire to appreciate the elder or elders. The song is the next step bringing the tribe or tribes together through the tribes ceremonial song or chant. This is normally done towards the start of the ceremonies (Atkinson, 2008). Summarise To summarise, art, music and danced are important aspects of the indigenous culture. The art that is created by the Indgienous Australians tells a story. These stories are about the last, read and future.The Conflicting modification on 13 March 2013 71641 AM Describe Imaginative, artistic, captivating and breathe taking are a few words to describe the true beauty of Indigenous Australian art, music and dance. These three aspects of the Indigenous culture are also part of the Torres Strait Island culture who together make up 2. 4% of the Australian population (Macklin, 2004). These people express their personal experiences and the In digenous Australian history through art work, dance and song.For example, an art piece may be about the creation of the land. Music can interpret the sounds of the animals or the hunters and the dance be interpreted to the stealing of their children through the stolen generation period. Examine Art Art is an important part of the Indigenous culture as it has been passed on for generations. It is an important part of the culture because its emphasised on certain aspects on their history. For example, the dot paintings have been part of the Indigenous Australians paintings history for thousands of years (Atkinson, 2008).Also, we must take into consideration that Indigenous Australian art is the oldest ongoing tradition of art in the world(Clarity Communications, 2007). Thus making their art a treausred part of Autsralian culture. Other paintings that we see are rock carvings, body painting when the Indigenous people would have a ceremonies. All these art forms date back more than 30,0 00years (Clarity Communications, 2007). The art work today is produced in a different variety but each piece of art work still shows the importance, diversity and richness of the Indigenous culture.Different art works can tell different stories. These stories could be about the stolen generation, the hunting, the land dying, the white people settling, the death of and elder or a close relative and the journey through an elders eyes. Elders used dot paintings and other paintings such as mimi art which is an art about animals, humans and are normally stick figures have no flesh. There is also x-ray art, a traditional style of art that is shown through the fragile bone and showing the flesh inside the body. Rock art is another type of Indigenous art as it one of the most common styles (Banakeem, 2012).It is done by carving the painting or figures into the rock or wall. Body art is also a form of Indigenous art as body painting is passed out within strict conventions that are primarily connected to spiritual matters(Banakeem, 2012). This piece of art work dates back to the early 20thCenturary and we can analyse what this picture could mean by viewing the following keys Below are the keys Meeting place Tavel Message Communities Man Woman We are looking st these key features because in groups of 3 or 4, you are to draw a piece of indigenous art using the keys on the PowerPoint. Remeber e h symbol you ise must create a story.You are to tell a story. As you can see, the making of the art can be fun but its never an easy task. As we have supplied you with the materials, the art was poised from clay or orches. In saying this, we can still enjoy the rich culture of our paintings, the Indigenous paintings. Dance Dance was formed by the earliest Indigenous Australians and has been past down from many generations (Smitz, 2005). Dance is important to us now as we can look at different ways to move, tell a story and be told a story. The movements vary compared to the movemen ts we see in ballet, jazz or hip hop.The movements arent necessarily the jumping around and crawling on the floor- they include their instruments as well. This gathers in the, skin drum, hollow log drum, slap sticks and sticks. These styles of movement include some of the musical instruments such as the the slap sticks, which are boomerangs being hit together, skin drums which is using your own body to make a sound, hollow log drums which are a drummed shaped and sticks which are used to hit against the body or can be used to hit against a hard object, for example, a tree or a rock (Smitz, 2005).To incorporate these instruments into the dance was to add another beat so then the imitated bird or animals, could be shared (Chee, 2012). It is known that songs and dance were exchanged often at large ceremonial gatherings (Atkinson, 2008). Often, the indigenous culture would perform to a higher standard to please the guest tribe or to please the elders or spirits (Atkinson, 2008). Through out these dancers, the elders would come together and analyse the performance and judge this event either themselves, by a spirit or by the tribes.These tribes would be respectful in the decision and teach the winning tribe the dance that they had won or traded. Music Music is an important aspect of the Indigenous culture as they use it as inspiration for a painting, the background noise for a tribal chant and for ceremonial reasons. The music that is most commonly heard is the didgeridoo. Th didgeridoo creates a sound when you use your mouth, lips, nose and cheeks. Smitz (2005) states that the didgeridoo is a musical instrument used for the conducting of ceremonies, however,the didgeridoo is played by a man and it women at ceremonies (Smitz, 2005).This means that at ceremonies, the didgeridoo should only be played by men and not women. However, music was to be listened, and play by men, women and children. It was used to create tribe chants, musical backgrounds for a story Music wa s also used by both mens and women to create a tribe chants, musical backgrounds for elder stories and for religious purposes. The music brings an important part of the culture to a tip. The didgeridoo is the main component to completing the music for any Indigenous piece of music.When ceremonies occur, there is tradintionally one song and two piece of music because the tribes need to appreciate the elder or elders. The song is the next step bringing the tribe or tribes together through the tribes ceremonial song or chant. This is normally done towards the start of the ceremonies (Atkinson, 2008). Summarise To summarise, art, music and danced are important aspects of the indigenous culture. The art that is created by the Indigenous Australians tells a story. These stories are about the past, present and future.Dance is used to intimidate animals or other people to tells us a story and when music is played, its normally the didgeridoo whether its for ceremonial reasons or for other p urposes. Conflicting modification on 13 March 2013 73501 AM Describe Imaginative, artistic, captivating and breathe taking are a few words to describe the true beauty of Indigenous Australian art, music and dance. These three aspects of the Indigenous culture are also part of the Torres Strait Island culture who together make up 2. 4% of the Australian population (Macklin, 2004).These people express their personal experiences and the Indigenous Australian history through art work, dance and song. For example, an art piece may be about the creation of the land. Music can interpret the sounds of the animals or the hunters and the dance be interpreted to the stealing of their children through the stolen generation period. Examine Art Art is an important part of the Indigenous culture as it has been passed on for generations. It is an important part of the culture because its emphasised on certain aspects on their history. For example, the dot paintings have been part of the Indigenous Australians paintings history for thousands of years (Atkinson, 2008).Also, we must take into consideration that Indigenous Australian art is the oldest ongoing tradition of art in the world(Clarity Communications, 2007). Thus making their art a treausred part of Autsralian culture. Other paintings that we see are rock carvings, body painting when the Indigenous people would have a ceremonies. All these art forms date back more than 30,000years (Clarity Communications, 2007). The art work today is produced in a different variety but each piece of art work still shows the importance, diversity and richness of the Indigenous culture.Different art works can tell different stories. These stories could be about the stolen generation, the hunting, the land dying, the white people settling, the death of and elder or a close relative and the journey through an elders eyes. Elders used dot paintings and other paintings such as mimi art which is an art about animals, humans and are normally s tick figures have no flesh. There is also x-ray art, a traditional style of art that is shown through the fragile bone and showing the flesh inside the body. Rock art is another type of Indigenous art as it one of the most common styles (Banakeem, 2012).It is done by carving the painting or figures into the rock or wall. Body art is also a form of Indigenous art as body painting is passed out within strict conventions that are primarily connected to spiritual matters(Banakeem, 2012). This piece of art work dates back to the early 20thCenturary and we can analyse what this picture could mean by viewing the following keys Below are the keys Meeting place Tavel Message Communities Man Woman We are looking st these key features because in groups of 3 or 4, you are to draw a piece of indigenous art using the keys on the PowerPoint. Remeber e h symbol you ise must create a story.You are to tell a story. As you can see, the making of the art can be fun but its never an easy task. As we hav e supplied you with the materials, the art was gathered from clay or orches. In saying this, we can still enjoy the rich culture of our paintings, the Indigenous paintings. Dance Dance was formed by the earliest Indigenous Australians and has been past down from many generations (Smitz, 2005). Dance is important to us now as we can look at different ways to move, tell a story and be told a story. The movements vary compared to the movements we see in ballet, jazz or hip hop.The movements arent necessarily the jumping around and crawling on the floor- they include their instruments as well. This gathers in the Hollow log drum Sticks Slap sticks Skin drum These styles of movement include some of the musical instruments such as the the slap sticks, which are boomerangs being hit together, skin drums which is using your own body to make a sound, hollow log drums which are a drummed shaped and sticks which are used to hit against the body or can be used to hit against a hard object, for example, a tree or a rock (Smitz, 2005).To incorporate these instruments into the dance was to add another beat so then the imitated bird or animals, could be shared (Chee, 2012). It is known that songs and dance were exchanged often at large ceremonial gatherings (Atkinson, 2008). Often, the indigenous culture would perform to a higher standard to please the guest tribe or to please the elders or spirits (Atkinson, 2008). Throughout these dancers, the elders would come together and analyse the performance and judge this event either themselves, by a spirit or by the tribes.These tribes would be respectful in the decision and teach the winning tribe the dance that they had won or traded. Music Music is an important aspect of the Indigenous culture as they use it as inspiration for a painting, the background noise for a tribal chant and for ceremonial reasons. The music that is most commonly heard is the didgeridoo. Th didgeridoo creates a sound when you use your mouth, lips, nose an d cheeks. Smitz (2005) states that the didgeridoo is a musical instrument used for the conducting of ceremonies, however,the didgeridoo is played by a man and it women at ceremonies (Smitz, 2005).This means that at ceremonies, the didgeridoo should only be played by men and not women. However, music was to be listened, and play by men, women and children. It was used to create tribe chants, musical backgrounds for a story Music was also used by both mens and women to create a tribe chants, musical backgrounds for elder stories and for religious purposes. The music brings an important part of the culture to a tip. The didgeridoo is the main component to completing the music for any Indigenous piece of music.When ceremonies occur, there is tradintionally one song and two piece of music because the tribes need to appreciate the elder or elders. The song is the next step bringing the tribe or tribes together through the tribes ceremonial song or chant. This is normally done towards the start of the ceremonies (Atkinson, 2008). Summarise To summarise, art, music and danced are important aspects of the indigenous culture. The art that is created by the Indigenous Australians tells a story. These stories are about the past, present and future. Music is part.

Stefan’s Diaries: Origins Chapter 23

That night, though, the embrace did end, and I fell into a black, dreamless sleep. and my mind and body jerked into sudden wakefulness when I perceive a sharp clanging effective that seemed to r constantlyberate through my limbs.MurderersKillersDemonsThe words floated through the open window, chant-like. I crept to the window and creaked open the shutter. Outside, across the pond, thither were flashes of fire, and I even heard the sound of rifles firing. Dark bodies moved en masse, like a decant of locusts descending upon a cotton field.Vampires KillersI began to make out more and more words from the barbarian roar of the crowd. There had to be at least fifty men in attendance. Fifty drunken, angry, homicidal men. I grabbed Katherines shoulder and began shaking her hard.Wake up I whispered urgently.She sit up with a start. The whites of her eyes looked huge, and there were shadows beneath her eye sockets. What is it? Is everything okay? Her fingers fluttered to her necklace.No, its not okay, I whispered. The brigade is out. Theyre searching for vampires. Theyre on the main road right now. I pointed out the window.The yelling and shouts were getting closer. The fire blazed in the night, flames stint toward the night sky like red daggers. Fear shot through me. This wasnt supposed to be hazardnot yet.Katherine slipped out of bed, tucking the white quilt around her body, and closed the shutters with a bang. Y father, she express, her voice hard.ourI shook my head. It couldnt be. The siege is set for next week, and Father is not the type to deviate from an established plan. Stefan Katherine said sharply. Y ou promised you would do something. Y draw to ou curb this. These men dont get laid what theyre fighting, and they dont know how risk of infectionous this is. If they reserve doing this, people will get hurt.Dangerous? I asked, rubbing my temple. I suddenly had a pound headache. The shouting grew quieter now it seemed the mob was pressing forwardor p erhaps dispersing. I wondered if this was more a protest spurred by liquid courage than an actual siege.Not from me, but from whoever has launched these attacks. Katherines eyes met mine. If the townspeople know whats safe for them, whats best for them, theyd stop the hunt. Theyd allow us to resolve things. Theyd allow us to find the kickoff of the attacks.I sat on the edge of the bed and rested my elbows against my knees, staring down at the gaunt wooden floorboards in dismay, as if I could find some sort of answer, some sort of appearance to stop what already seemed to be happening.Katherine took my face in her hands. I am entirely at your mercy. I need you to protect me. Please, Stefan.I know, Katherine I said half-hysterically. But what if its too late? They have the brigade, they have their suspicions, they even have an invention designed to find vampires.What? Katherine reared back. An invention? Y didnt tell me that, she said, her voice fetchingou on a note of accusation. A hard lump settled in my chest as I explained Jonathans device. How had I failed to mention it to Katherine? Would she ever forgive me?Jonathan Gilbert. Katherines face twisted in contempt. So that collect thinks he can just hunt us down? Like animals?I recoiled. Id never heard Katherine use that harsh tone.Im sorry, Katherine said in a more composed voice, as if shed sensed the flutter of fear in my heart. Im sorry. Its just you simply cant imagine what its like to be hunted.The voices seem to be quieting. I peeked through the shutters. The mob was indeed beginning to disperse, the flames becoming shaky dots in the inky black night. The danger was seemingly gone.For now at least. But by next week, theyd have Jonathans invention. Theyd have a tendency of vampires. And theyd find every single last one of them.Thank goodness. Katherine sank down onto the bed, pale as Id ever seen her. A lone tear fell from her eye and trickled down her alabaster skin. I reached to wipe it absent with my index finger, then gently touched my tongue to my skin, an echo of what Id done at the Founders Ball. I sucked my finger, purpose that her tears tasted salty. Human.I pulled her to me, wrapping her in a tight embrace. Im not sure how long we sat there, together. But as the faint light of the morning came through the windows, I stood up.I will stop it, Katherine. I will protect you to the death. I swear it.

Nonverbal, Interpersonal, and Textual Communication Worksheet Essay

Nonverbal dialogue plays an essential role in any conversation. Individuals who are aware of nonverbal actions during conversations can more in effect provide what is beness communicated.Part 1Look at the interactions between the individuals in the following photos and interpret what you mobilise is be expected through nonverbal talk. Please describe the nonverbal cues that lead you to these interpretations.What is being said nonverb every(prenominal)y by to each one person?In this non-verbal communication scenario, both individuals are presentation emotion. The communication appears to be a disagreement. The wo hu worldness appears to be trying to hold the conversation together, solely the man looks annoyed and ready to leave the conversation. some(prenominal) individuals are showing gestures through body movement. In this placement the man looks as if he is saying I do non want to hear it. Both facial expressions are cues describing the non-verbal communication. The ar gument or issues tends to not result in a resolution. The conflict seems to salvage be apparent in the conversation. This appears to be a relationship that needs work. By the cleaning lady place his arm, I would assume the individuals have a close relationship. The man could be hurt by a certain situation that he is just now learning more about.If he is waiting for a job oppugn, what impression do you regard he is going to make?If this individual is waiting for a job interview, he is giving the impression of not caring about receiving the job at all. I would assume he is only there, because he has to be. The person accustomed the interview couldassume he is hung-over and not professional. This individual is slouching in his chair, which joins off the impression of being lazy. If this individual is preparing for an interview he should have his garb tucked in and sitting up straight in the chair. If I was the person giving the interview and walked out to him presenting himself in this manner I would not give him the time of day. I would instantly essay the individuals character as not being a hard-worker. I would assume he would expect everyone else to do the work for him instead of taking responsibility for his actions. The individual withal is wearing jeans with holes. This is another cue of unprofessionalism.What is the interviewer (the woman on the right) communicating with her nonverbal positioning?The woman giving the interview looks like she is intrigued and fully mixed in the interview process. The woman excessively has her arms go through, as if she could not be completely talented about giving the interview. She is also appearing to not care what the interviewee is communicating to her. Her arms being crossed are showing signs of attitude. I take her non-verbal positioning and facial expression is more negative than positive. If I were the interviewee, I would think the interviewer already had her mind decided about the interview.Part 2Co mpose responses to each of the following questions.1. Which of the images demonstrates an interpersonal communication exchange? How can you tell?Interpersonal communication is defined as communication that occurs between two people who simultaneously attempt to mutually influence each other, commonly for the purpose of managing relationships. In image one, I think the interpersonal communication was engaged between the two individuals, but the communication is failing to keep engaged. In image one I do not see any mutual influence or quality in the conversation.I also think the thirdimage can be considered interpersonal communication, because this communication involves two individuals mutually engaged in the conversation. I think the interviewer is keeping the interview going by communicating questions and learning about ultimo work history. The interviewee has to answer the interview questions, which is keeping the interview engaged. In the third image the interpersonal commun ication is contrasted with impersonal communication, because of the roles each individual holds in the conversation.2. What types of interpersonal communication are being displayed in the images? why?Interpersonal communication involves quality, which makes the difference in the conversation. Interpersonal communication also occurs when we treat the other as a unique clement being, which is being shown in image three during the interview process. I think it is also showing impersonal communication because the image is refereeing to the roles of each individual. The interview process could also involve interpersonal communication that involves mutual influence. The influence could be the interviewer persuading the interviewee of the positive benefits of taking the job being interviewed for. Image one is interpersonal communication that helps manage relationships. This interpersonal communication is about the interaction and portion to with stand a strong relationship.3. Part 3Textu al communication, or content that is read or viewed, also plays a role in communicating with others. Textual information may gain deeper convey when the text is spoken or viewed in a specific context versus when it is read.Read the following quotes and save a 50- to 100-word interpretation of what you think is being expressed. Support your responses. If you wish to include references, please format your responses ordered with APA guidelines.Maybe all one can do is hope to end up with the right regrets. (The rely upondown Mount Morgan, Act I) Arthur MillerIn this quote, I think the author is trying to express life with no regrets. All any one can hope is to end up with all the right regrets. No one wants to live a life thinking what if or what could have happened in his or her life. Regrets are considered to be something that has be done that an individual is sad or disappoint over. I think individuals should not live with any regret, because at one time those regrets were somet hing you cherished to experience. If people complete life with all the right regrets than there is nothing to actually regret. I really liked this quote, because when people think about their lives, every one wants to be happy in all the decisions that were made throughout lifes journey.Human history becomes more and more a race between education and catastrophe. (The Outline of History, Ch. 41) H. G. WellsEveryone tries to learn from mistakes. In history, the world has continued to be consistant in making mistakes and trying to resolve them. I think this quote presents that if people do not learn from mistakes that mistakes will continue to be made. I think the race for education such as advancement of technology could result in a postiive outcome for the human race or it could be catastrophic. It could mean that if we continue to educate ourselves then we can overcome anything destructive.The world is very different now. For man holds in his mortal hands the power to abolish all forms of human poverty and all forms of human life. And yet the same revolutionary touch sensations for which our forebears fought are still at issue around the globethe belief that the rights of man come not from the generosity of the state, but from the hand of God.We dare not forget forthwith that we are the heirs of that first revolution. allow the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the woolly mullein has been passed to a new generation of Americansborn in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing ofthose human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.Let every nation know, whether it wishes us intimately or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, fill up any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and the succ ess of liberty. John F. Kennedy (1961 initiatory Address)After viewing this quote, I feel as though I should have a improve understanding of what is being communicated. The United States has been through strong ups and weak hardships, but through everything we should still stay committed and dedicated to our nation. I think the last sentence expresses the main point that is trying to be achieved, that even if nations do not show us kindness at times that we will also present success of freedom and will be at aid for all nations. I think this is directed to show that every one during this time has experienced hard ship of war and struggles, but as a nation we will come together and over come any boundaries in the way of achieving greatness.In a sense weve come to our nations capital to cash a kerb. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men, yes, black men as well as uncontaminating men, would be guaranteed the unalienable Rights of Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note, insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check, a check which has come back marked short funds.But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are low funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. And so, weve come to cash this check, a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. Martin Luther King, Jr. (1963 I have a aspiration speech)During this time in history, the speech was presented to give awareness to all Americans about the way race was being held over opportunity. After the Constitution and Declaration of Independence wer e signed every American were held to live by these guidelines and laws. America failed in abiding by these rights in Americas history. America considered races other than white to be negative instead of positive. In a sense the awareness of these rights were considered to be a check to the world to present the security of justice and freedom once again to everyone no matter race.ResourcesKennedy, J. F. (1961, January 20). startup address. Presidential inauguration, Washington, DC. Retrieved from http//www.historystudycenter.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/search/displaySuitemAsciiItemById.do?QueryName=suitem&fromPage=studyunit&ItemID=28545&resource=prd.King, M. L., Jr. (1963, August 28). I have a dream speech. capital of Nebraska Memorial, Washington, DC. Retrieved from http//www.historystudycenter.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/search/displayReferenceItemById.do?QueryName=reference&fromPage=studyunit&ItemID=phs00159&fromPage=studyunit&resource=refWikiQuote. Retrieved from http//www.w ikiquote.org.

Jane Eyre Essay

In the novel Jane Ere, Charlotte bronzy describes and expresses the spirit of the protagonist, Jane, by means of and through the characters own eyes. As Jane begins to explain her story to the contributor, It Is marchn fairly quickly that she leads, perhaps non a terrible, but an ill-fated life. Bronze uses this to her full advantage, swirling different modal values into the tale through Canes intelligence of ego or outlook on the world, her discoin truth of the truths of her relationships, and the bizarre fifty-fiftyts that take place over the course of the story.These styles argon romantic and medieval, and Bronze incorporates prospects from OTOH In her novel in a way that they smoothly advance the story. The style Bronze uses for Jeans personality Is romantic. Bronze gives Jane in truth romantic character traits. Jane may at first be considered a very common or ordinary person but she is in truth very original, when Rochester expresses his surprise that she is thus (). Even Mr.. Rochester, one of the few raft shes be issue forth close to, is surprised to discover how rummy Canes mind is. It Is her mind, in fact, that he comes to love so much.Another clear example of romanticism is how Jane freely expresses herself, It was Bessie UT I did not stir I was not disposed to c ar much for the nursemaids transitory anger, and I was disposed to bask In her youthful lightness of heart. I just put my two ordnance store around her and said, Come, Bessie Dont scold the action was Frank and fearless (36). Even as a young shaver Jane was rather bold, and this trait only grew more as she aged. She does not hesitate to express herself even with Mr.. Rochester, who was in a higher social class than herself.Being individual, thoughtful and expressing things freely, which Jane is and does, are all elements of a mantic makeup style, clearly exhibitioning that Bronze uses this style In her novel. The style Bronze uses for many of the settings In Canes life Is knightly. The events and settings that egest throughout Canes life tend to have a supernatural or dark step to them. Shortly after Jane had agreed to marry Mr.. Rochester for the first time there was a great storm, It the chestnut-tree writhe and groaned It had been struck by lightning And half of it split away/ (275-76).This is an example of gothic elements because what happens to the tree represents what Is outlet to happen In he near future, giving It a supernatural effect. The tree comes to represent Canes and Mr.. Rochester relationship how they voice ways, then come indorse together after a time. The school that Jane goes to as a child and young woman is described as a very gloomy place the girls at Elwood were obligate to go outside for an hour in the cramped garden, where it was so cold that they developed chilblains. After which, there was no solace because the students didnt have enough food to revive, or fire to warm (59-60).Nearly all the children were esurient and cold It was not until the bring that It began to get warmer and soul the students were starved. Besides that, an even darker event happened at Elwood many students, including her friend Helen, die of typhus. The presence of desolation, gloom, and mysterious events all point to Bronze having use gothic traits in her writing. Throughout the novel, Bronze combines both romantic and gothic writing styles. She does this very well, so that the reader doesnt smell out as if the story Is disjointed or awkward. After Jane and Mr..Rochesters wedding Is stopped, Mr.. Rochester shows Bertha, who is a schizophrenic. K straighting now that she crappernot marry Edward, and she does not want to become his mistress, Jane decides to leave Threefold for good (316-320). The romantic trait of this circumstance was that Jane decided to leave, even though she really did not want to, because she had to do what was best for her. The gothic aspect was Mr.. Rochesters wife a mad-woman who was living in his attic and had tried to kill him multiple times. After astir(predicate) a year, Jane is once more drawn to Mr.. Rochester Jane hears Mr..Rochesters voice call out to her right before she is to the highest degree to agree to marrying SST. John and decides that night that she will leave SST. John and the others to pursue what she wants, and that is to find out what became of Edward (456-459). The gothic, clearly, is how Jane can hear Mr.. Rochester call out to her even though they are miles and miles apart. The romantic is that, once again, Jane decides on what she is going to do based on what best for her, as an individual. In both of these situations, the romantic and gothic aspects come together and add interest to Bronzes novel.In conclusion, Charlotte Bronzes novel, Jane Ere combines romantic and gothic rating styles fluently in order to recount Canes story. The romantic elements were usually inf apply to Canes own character the way she thought, her personality, and the way she lived her life. It was the settings and events that took place, however, that held the gothic elements Elwood, the storm, Mr.. Rochesters wife Bertha, and how she came back to Mr.. Rochester himself for entirely a few examples. The way Bronze accomplished this feat is what drew in many people to reading, then consequently liking, her works and these affects continues to this day.Jane Eyre EssayDirector Cary Faking in his adoption of Jane Ere (2011, uses a soma of necessitate techniques to reveal key Ideas and to engage a modern ear zest. Set In the straightlaced Era In England, Jane Ere tells the story of weekender young woman who overcomes tragic life circumstances before embarking on a voyage scrutinizing for independence, a sense of belonging and the true meaning of love.Faking uncovers the etymon of isolation and loneliness through different hygienic effects and music, whereas the thought of horny hopelessness is illustrated carefully through different tv c amera angles. Canes characterization throughout the story emphasizes her bravery and spirit. Faking portrays the dews of isolation and loneliness through the strike techniques of music and sound effects. The director shows this by adding non-dietetic sounds to the dietetic sounds in the movie, representing this in the opening depiction, which depicts Jane running crosswise a field, crying.There are many dietetic sound here such as, the mind howling, ex. thnether, Jane crying and leaves crunching under her feet, which sets the picture for the reference. afterward a sad and lonely violin tune Is heard, making the earreach empathic with Jane and adding emphasis to the sombreness of the dietetic sounds. This also makes the audience curious as to what the cause of her distress is. subsequently in the movie, Faking highlights the pain of isolation and loneliness through sound effects, which is heavily displayed when Canes Friend, Helen, receives a edge as punishment for misbehav ing.During this scene the only sound heard is the whipping noise emphasizing the characters pain, which subsequently causes the audience to feel empathy for her by this highlighting of her pain. Fustians use of music and sound throughout the movie is effective in making the audience feel empathy for Canes loneliness, pain, and Isolation. Faking presents the theme of steamy desolation through deferent camera angles and positions. This theme Is revealed in the scene at the opening of the movie when Jane arrives at the crossroads.The director uses this scene to demonstrate emotional despair by use a diverse range of camera angles, such as using a very low camera angle to display Canes pain and sadness. A Tracking camera shot is used to make the audience feel connected to Jane. Following this, a birds eye see shot is used to show Jane at crossroads, heightening the dews that she is small and insignificant against the landscape. The crossroads also symbolizes of the choices that she h as to make.This idea is exposed in the flash back scene of Jane Ere at Elwood School, dews she s ignored and made to acquit on the passel for the rest of the day without food and water. Faking uses a variety of camera angle shots to show the emotional despair dodged Jane Ere at Elwood. A mid shot is used to make the audience feel like they are in the scene with Jane making them feel the same feelings as Jane. Following this, an upwards looking shot Is used to make the audience feel her QED and Isolation. The directors use of a variety of camera angles shows the emotional despair Jane goes through during the movie.Director Faking Illustrates Canes courage and parity through the characterization of Jane in the movie. This is shown in the scene in The scene shows Canes courage and spirit through her ability to stay strong even when she is upset. The actress demonstrates this through her characterization. The actresss torso language such as sitting up straight and holding back tears show Canes strength. The audience is impressed by Canes courage and spirit in this upsetting situation, as she is able to not become too emotional. Fustians characterization of Jeannine shows her courage and spirit, highlighting to the audience how important courage is.Faking effectively uses the sprout techniques of sound effects, camera angles and characterization to covey the ideas of loneliness, emotional desolation and courage. Ball searching for independence, a sense of belonging and the true meaning of love is resolved when she reconnects with Rochester and finds her place in the world. A modern audience continues to be engaged by the story of Jane Ere due to the suspenseful nature of the gothic romantic darn and its distinctive characters who challenge and evoke a range of emotions.Jane Eyre EssayDirector Cary Faking in his adoption of Jane Ere (2011, uses a variety of film techniques to reveal key Ideas and to engage a modern audience. Set In the Victorian Era In England , Jane Ere tells the story of weekender young woman who overcomes tragic life circumstances before embarking on a Journey searching for independence, a sense of belonging and the true meaning of love.Faking uncovers the theme of isolation and loneliness through different sound effects and music, whereas the idea of emotional despair is illustrated carefully through different camera angles. Canes characterization throughout the story emphasizes her courage and spirit. Faking portrays the dews of isolation and loneliness through the film techniques of music and sound effects. The director shows this by adding non-dietetic sounds to the dietetic sounds in the movie, representing this in the opening scene, which depicts Jane running across a field, crying.There are many dietetic sound here such as, the mind howling, ex. thunder, Jane crying and leaves crunching under her feet, which sets the scene for the audience. Subsequently a sad and lonely violin tune Is heard, making the audience empathic with Jane and adding emphasis to the sadness of the dietetic sounds. This also makes the audience curious as to what the cause of her distress is. Later in the movie, Faking highlights the pain of isolation and loneliness through sound effects, which is heavily displayed when Canes Friend, Helen, receives a edge as punishment for misbehaving.During this scene the only sound heard is the whipping noise emphasizing the characters pain, which subsequently causes the audience to feel empathy for her by this highlighting of her pain. Fustians use of music and sound throughout the movie is effective in making the audience feel empathy for Canes loneliness, pain, and Isolation. Faking presents the theme of emotional desolation through deferent camera angles and positions. This theme Is revealed in the scene at the opening of the movie when Jane arrives at the crossroads.The director uses this scene to demonstrate emotional despair by using a diverse range of camera angles, such as using a very low camera angle to display Canes pain and sadness. A Tracking camera shot is used to make the audience feel connected to Jane. Following this, a birds eye view shot is used to show Jane at crossroads, heightening the dews that she is small and insignificant against the landscape. The crossroads also symbolizes of the choices that she has to make.This idea is exposed in the flash back scene of Jane Ere at Elwood School, dews she s ignored and made to stand on the stool for the rest of the day without food and water. Faking uses a variety of camera angle shots to show the emotional despair dodged Jane Ere at Elwood. A mid shot is used to make the audience feel like they are in the scene with Jane making them feel the same feelings as Jane. Following this, an upwards looking shot Is used to make the audience feel her QED and Isolation. The directors use of a variety of camera angles shows the emotional despair Jane goes through during the movie.Director Faking Illustrate s Canes courage and parity through the characterization of Jane in the movie. This is shown in the scene in The scene shows Canes courage and spirit through her ability to stay strong even when she is upset. The actress demonstrates this through her characterization. The actresss body language such as sitting up straight and holding back tears show Canes strength. The audience is impressed by Canes courage and spirit in this upsetting situation, as she is able to not become too emotional. Fustians characterization of Jeannine shows her courage and spirit, highlighting to the audience how important courage is.Faking effectively uses the film techniques of sound effects, camera angles and characterization to covey the ideas of loneliness, emotional desolation and courage. Ball searching for independence, a sense of belonging and the true meaning of love is resolved when she reconnects with Rochester and finds her place in the world. A modern audience continues to be engaged by the sto ry of Jane Ere due to the suspenseful nature of the gothic romantic plot and its distinctive characters who challenge and evoke a range of emotions.

Failure of the Arab League

In the wake of any great conflict, states leave al integrity try and put together a schema that is based on mavin and prevention of further conflict, on that point argon s foreveral(prenominal) aspects usually addressed, including the prudence and the international relations. In the wake of World War 2 the UN framed to form the un suitd world order (Pinfari, 1. ) In the Middle East, 6 founding extremitys (Egypt, Transjordan, Saudi-Arabian Arabia, Syria, Lebanon and Iraq) formed the Arab confederation, an organization founded upon a common brain of Arabism with a goal of Arab unity (Pinfari, 2.) In the wake of the frigidness War, Africa found itself at a political disadvantage because of the fragmented politics of the continent, they were at a geographical advantage and precious to vex use of that, so they formed the African center to address inner-conflicts and the mayhem caused by the cadaver of colonialism subsequentlyward the Cold War (Dersso, 13-14. ) On the oth er side of things the European marrow formed in the upstart 1990s with a different thrill in mind when compargond to the two aforeabmenti adeptd organizations.The Arab league and the African Unions missions were more ambitious than those of other political organizations such as the EU and the UN, due to umpteen reasons why this paper will focus on discussing their economy, their legal system and the effect of pan-Arpabism and a pan-African perspective. When nations multitude nether one banner as is the case in the examples mentioned, the issue of their respective(prenominal) political reign is brought into the suck up as countries value their autonomy.The European Union is more of a union in the judiciary sense than the Arab League while the Arab League clearly states in its charter that the League has no rectify to put in in the internal affairs of a member country unless their overall safety is compromised, this whence makes mode for dictators like Qaddafi to rule for years in what authentic scholars would view as a compulsive manner.The judiciary of each country is crystallize from the Arab League which isnt the case with the EU, whereby the Court of Justice of the European Union has the right to supersede any national court of law (Wallace, 484), by so doing maintaining wild pansy in a more efficient federal agency. How does this make the Arab Leagues mission more ambitious, is that they are pursuit peace and unity based on a sense of Arabism rather than an good juridic system (Reiser, 1), and it is ambitious to assume that this will prevail.When discussing the Organization of African Unity (OAU), their mission can as well be seen as more ambitious than that of the EU, the OAUs mission was to establish widespread security and unity in the midst of African members of this union through the ideal of African Solutions for African troubles, but like the Arab League, their mission contains certain clauses that are emphasized in discou rse, yet non much is done to re-en perpetrate them (Dersso, 13), and often the governments of individual states will do as they please, as is the case with the Rwanda genocide in 1994,with no higher judicial force to intervene, and that is where they fail (Tavares, 23.)Africa however should not be grouped with the Arab League, even though they are comparable, because after the Cold War, Africa had been depleted because of their division into pro-USA forces and pro-Soviet forces during the Cold War, as they underwent a number of proxy wars for the USA and the Soviet Union. subsequently having served their purpose Africa was then disregarded and faced with indifference from forces that had had an increasing interest in it in front (Dersso, 15.)When discussing the economy there are to a fault rather ambitious initiatives on the AL and the OAUs parts, in their missions they hand for unity, but one of the main constituents of said unity, is economic unity, whereby member states put on policies that will be beneficial to one anothers economies as is the case with the EU, they have a unified gold and an plain-spoken securities industry, whereby, goods, services and people are not taxed when traded surrounded by members.The EU is the only Regional Insisution with a separate monetary system which makes , the EU has become greater than merely an arena of inter-state co-operation and has taken on some(prenominal) state-like powers (Bradbury 18). This however does not work with the Arab League, because of the lack of a policy which dictates the existence of such a market but also because of the division in wealth in the Middle East, oil-rich states such as Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Qatar control the capital and give money to the poorer members such as Egypt, in convince for one thing that Egypt has in abundance labor and cheap labor at that (Korany, 279.)Also how can the Arab League expect to achieve such unity when travelling between member states distillery requires visas and there are still taxes on products traded between member states? Again, the mission is ambitious with no real actions taken to implement. As for the OAU, the member states are still very much in conflict as is evident by Africas human rights violations and constant violence. After all , Africa is simply too large and dual-lane to ever flare-up under one banner.After all, overcoming colonialism is not simple North Africa is an attest to that, with French being a bragging(a) language, even though it was the tongue of their colonizers. In the Arab Leagues charter there is a clause which dictates that states in aggression shall be forced into deliberations by the League itself and shall receive a bulk select on what they are expected to do, the leagues decision shall then be effective and obligatory.This however, did not seem like a viable clause as there have been more conflicts between states in the Arab League and interventions were long and tedious and ultimat ely rendered useless, when there are clauses and no way to implement them, then it is ambitious to place them in the charter in the first place. The importance of pan-Arabism and pan-Africanism is also note-worthy.Pan-Arabism started in the Middle East with leading like Egypts Gamal Abdel Nasser and his nationalistic sentiment it is a concept which dictates that Arab nations should merge because of a shared Arab identity (Reiser, 1983. ) Ever since pan-Arabism was introduced, Arabs have been asking themselves what it stands for and what is it based on (Reiser, 1983), it was the leaders ambition, one that was evidently misplaced as the citizens of member states dont see each other as Arab, rather, Egyptian, Syrian, Lebanese etc.One also begins to ponder the role of colonialism here different nations have colonized the members of the Arab League, for example Egypt was colonized Britain and France, Libya by Italy, North Africa by France and Jordan by Britain, there are remnants of t hese cultures in these countries, and hence there is a difference in psyche and a difference in identity.Pan-Arabism and pan-Africanism are both supposedly create on an identitarian principle yet Hall argues that identity get created through discourse, its not a stable entity but a process that is incomplete and is reproduced through process (Hall 16). This same problem exists in Africa and pan-Africanism has the same logical holes in it, African states were and still are very much divided (as I have mentioned previously), so how can they all exist under one African umbrella? Hence, the Arab League fails (Pinfari, 1. ) The OAU fails.Failure of the Arab LeagueIn the wake of any great conflict, states will try and assemble a system that is based on unity and prevention of further conflict, there are some(prenominal) aspects usually addressed, including the economy and the international relations. In the wake of World War 2 the UN assembled to form the untested world order (Pinfari, 1. ) In the Middle East, 6 founding members (Egypt, Transjordan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Lebanon and Iraq) formed the Arab League, an organization founded upon a common sense of Arabism with a goal of Arab unity (Pinfari, 2.)In the wake of the Cold War, Africa found itself at a political disadvantage because of the fragmented politics of the continent, they were at a geographical advantage and wanted to make use of that, so they formed the African Union to address inner-conflicts and the mayhem caused by the remains of colonialism after the Cold War (Dersso, 13-14. ) On the other side of things the European Union formed in the late 1990s with a different mission in mind when compared to the two aforeabmentioned organizations.The Arab League and the African Unions missions were more ambitious than those of other political organizations such as the EU and the UN, due to many reasons why this paper will focus on discussing their economy, their judiciary and the effect of pan-Arpabism and a pan-African perspective. When nations group under one banner as is the case in the examples mentioned, the issue of their individual political sovereignty is brought into the foreground as countries value their autonomy.The European Union is more of a union in the judiciary sense than the Arab League while the Arab League clearly states in its charter that the League has no right to intervene in the internal affairs of a member country unless their overall safety is compromised, this then makes way for dictators like Qaddafi to rule for years in what certain scholars would view as a tyrannical manner.The judiciary of each country is separate from the Arab League which isnt the case with the EU, whereby the Court of Justice of the European Union has the right to supersede any national court of law (Wallace, 484), by so doing maintaining peace in a more efficient way. How does this make the Arab Leagues mission more ambitious, is that they are seeking peace and unity based on a sen se of Arabism rather than an effective judicial system (Reiser, 1), and it is ambitious to assume that this will prevail.When discussing the Organization of African Unity (OAU), their mission can also be seen as more ambitious than that of the EU, the OAUs mission was to establish widespread security and unity between African members of this union through the ideal of African Solutions for African problems, but like the Arab League, their mission contains certain clauses that are emphasized in discourse, yet not much is done to re-enforce them (Dersso, 13), and often the governments of individual states will do as they please, as is the case with the Rwanda genocide in 1994,with no higher judicial force to intervene, and that is where they fail (Tavares, 23.)Africa however should not be grouped with the Arab League, even though they are comparable, because after the Cold War, Africa had been depleted because of their division into pro-USA forces and pro-Soviet forces during the Cold War, as they underwent a number of proxy wars for the USA and the Soviet Union. After having served their purpose Africa was then disregarded and faced with indifference from forces that had had an increasing interest in it before (Dersso, 15.)When discussing the economy there are also rather ambitious initiatives on the AL and the OAUs parts, in their missions they strive for unity, but one of the main constituents of said unity, is economic unity, whereby member states implement policies that will be beneficial to one anothers economies as is the case with the EU, they have a unified currency and an open market, whereby, goods, services and people are not taxed when traded between members.The EU is the only Regional Insisution with a separate monetary system which makes , the EU has become greater than merely an arena of inter-state co-operation and has taken on many state-like powers (Bradbury 18). This however does not work with the Arab League, because of the lack of a policy which dictates the existence of such a market but also because of the division in wealth in the Middle East, oil-rich states such as Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Qatar control the capital and give money to the poorer members such as Egypt, in exchange for one thing that Egypt has in abundance labor and cheap labor at that (Korany, 279.)Also how can the Arab League hope to achieve such unity when travelling between member states still requires visas and there are still taxes on products traded between member states? Again, the mission is ambitious with no real actions taken to implement. As for the OAU, the member states are still very much in conflict as is evident by Africas human rights violations and constant violence. After all , Africa is simply too large and divided to ever fit under one banner.After all, overcoming colonialism is not simple North Africa is an attest to that, with French being a prominent language, even though it was the tongue of their colonizers. In the Arab Lea gues charter there is a clause which dictates that states in aggression shall be forced into deliberations by the League itself and shall receive a majority vote on what they are expected to do, the leagues decision shall then be effective and obligatory.This however, did not seem like a viable clause as there have been many conflicts between states in the Arab League and interventions were long and tedious and ultimately rendered useless, when there are clauses and no way to implement them, then it is ambitious to place them in the charter in the first place. The importance of pan-Arabism and pan-Africanism is also note-worthy.Pan-Arabism started in the Middle East with leaders like Egypts Gamal Abdel Nasser and his nationalistic sentiment it is a concept which dictates that Arab nations should unite because of a shared Arab identity (Reiser, 1983. ) Ever since pan-Arabism was introduced, Arabs have been asking themselves what it stands for and what is it based on (Reiser, 1983), i t was the leaders ambition, one that was evidently misplaced as the citizens of member states dont see each other as Arab, rather, Egyptian, Syrian, Lebanese etc.One also begins to ponder the role of colonialism here different nations have colonized the members of the Arab League, for example Egypt was colonized Britain and France, Libya by Italy, North Africa by France and Jordan by Britain, there are remnants of these cultures in these countries, and hence there is a difference in psyche and a difference in identity.Pan-Arabism and pan-Africanism are both supposedly built on an identitarian principle yet Hall argues that identity get created through discourse, its not a stable entity but a process that is incomplete and is reproduced through process (Hall 16). This same problem exists in Africa and pan-Africanism has the same logical holes in it, African states were and still are very much divided (as I have mentioned previously), so how can they all exist under one African umbrel la? Hence, the Arab League fails (Pinfari, 1. ) The OAU fails.