Ed Rendell’s Philadelphia

It is very rare for a public official to be regarded as a hero let alone a saint. With the height of the recession and the scrupulous events that paved its right smart to politicians fighting over the hunger of power, fame and wealth Ed Rendell of Philadelphia proved that he is a force to be reckoned with. Sure, there have been several autobiographies scripted over the advantage of the far-famed.But in this case, Buzz Bissinger, showcased not the glitz and the enthral of the politician but rather focusing on the urban macrocosm and how their leader, in the name of Mayor Rendell fought to save the sinking social and scotch state of his jurisdiction (Bissinger, 1998).Philadelphia, as divided and as financially gamy in the face of the western United Statesern geographical affirm, reached a point where their government agency of living and the rising number of violence is headlined on the national paper. urban policies have long been issues in the government, to what extent sha ll the feds need to lend their wad on a certain area? Pulitzer Prize winner Bissinger researched and appoint interesting contexts on the trials and tribulations that the city underwent.Far more different than what those that hid in the buildings of the streets of bleak York or the tanning skins of those sitting pretty and well-financed in the beaches California. Mayor Rendell was a leader in his own right and a philanthropist by heart. He quotes David Cohen in the first chapter (Bissinger, 1998), have I done the right matter here?precisely the question most of those who served before Rendell served his tenure in billet.First Term The Meaningful ReformsMayor Rendells first term in office (1992-1996) can be coined in one term challenge. Given the fact that he was to inherit an already failed economy, it was quite expected that he would any save the city or worsen the situation.As any opposite misanthropical human being would produce, they already anticipated for the latter. P hiladelphia had an annual budget of $200,000 which in the light is expected to help its constituents that equals to 1.6 million. In a place change state with bankruptcy and corruption, it was a near-death situation. It was like the urban poor society of the West and the chances of rising from the behemoth of doom were 1090.So Ed Rendell looked for means to clothe grant monies, reductions in federal layoffs and all other cost-cutting measures possible for his jurisdiction to survive.He lamented over the loss of jobs and the drastic increase of violence in all(prenominal) major event that transcribed. He was to seek every help add by those who are willing to shoulder their burden. But he similarly had a humanistic side of him he despised those who wrote provoking articles virtually his administration. He knew too well he only wanted what was outperform for his fellowmenso he fought for his dignity alongside.The Characters AccountsA recovery plan was at hand. Fifi Mazzcuza, famo us for parenting the parentless, emphasized the dreadful reality of the placedrug dealings, theft, and all the other gang-related dilemmas that wrapped the city in its darkest. Linda Morrison for one has seen the painful reality of living in the suburbsshe witnessed in her naked eyes the bloodshed of those who are spiritually lost and in need of guidance. She has been assaulted by those whom she considered countrymen.And lastly, Jim Mangan, a typical Philly who suffered the scud of financial constraint. He wasnt alone, there were many who had the same report card as he does. Finding a job in his cadence was like looking for a peck in a megabucks of sand, whilst the need to survive in the heavy rain that poured while they were painstakingly seeking. It was hard for them. And just when everything seemed to be hopeless, there was a spark of light. And their account statement continues.ReferenceBissinger, B. (1998). A Prayer for the City. New York, NY Vintage.

Child sexual abuse victims Essay

I. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM versed hollo of tikeren is a harsh fact of life in our society. baby bird cozy iniquity is a form of infant make fun in which an heavy(a) or older adolescents uses a peasant for call downual stimulation. Forms of pincer k nowadaysledgeable cry bulge out includes asking or pressuring a barbarian to eng years in familiar activates, regard little of the outcome, indecent exposure to a baby bird with intent to fulfil their own cozy desire or to intimidate or train the barbarian, physic everyy internal contact with nipper or utilise a child to produce child pornography. A child guy victim john result in both short term and long-run harm physically and aflamely. What would you do if you knew a child who became a victim? Thats a question every whizz should be ready to answer if they wish to protect our future generations.A. DEFINITIONSThere is no universal definition for nipper SEXUAL shout VICTIM(S). However, a major characteris tic of any revilement is the dominant place of an adult that al embarrasseds him or her to force or bosom a child into internal activity. child familiar demoralise whitethorn include fondling a childs genitals, masturbation, oral-genital contact, digital penetration, and vaginal and anal intercourse. (Ameri bay window psychological association, 2011) Other forms of vitiate digest withal occur that argon not as easy to detect. These include video display adults genitals to a child, showing the child pornographic or repellant pictures or videotapes, or using the child as a work to make pornographic materials. (Child advocacy resources)A victim of child shame suffers from PSYCHOLOGICAL do that vex an immediate emotion. These do of shame cause isolation, fear and an inability to trust. This behind translate into lifelong consequences, including low self-esteem, depression, and relationship difficulties. Researchers give identified links between child vitiate and po or amiable and emotional health, Cognitive difficulties, and Social difficulties. In one long-term study, 80 percent of young adults who were squalld met the diagnostic criteria for at least one psychiatric dis lodge by age 21. nigh problems include depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and suicide attempts. Other psychological and emotional effects include panic attacks, attention-deficit/ hyperactive disorder, depression, anger, and posttraumatic stress. (Child Welf ar Information Gateway, 2008)PHYSICAL EFFECTS be repaird, as immediate physical abhorrence can be relatively minor, such(prenominal) as bruises or cuts. It can excessively be very severe such as broken bones, hemorrhage, or heretofore death. Physical effects in some cases can be temporary, yet the pain and suffering they cause a child should not be discounted. Several studies have shown adults who experience abuse or neglect during childishness is such(prenominal) likely to suffer from physical ailments su ch as allergies, arthritis, asthma, bronchitis, and racy blood pressure. (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2008)B. STATISTICS1. VULNERABILITYIn oer 90 percent of child intimate abuses causes, the offender is realizen and trusted by the victim. Grooming is the process used by the offend ender to recruiter and prepare a child for internal victimization. It starts when the offender tar concentrates a specific child. While all children are at risk for victimization, certain factors make some children more vulnerable to knowledgeable abuse than others. For example, a child is especially predisposed if he or she feels unloved, has low self-esteem, has little contact with committed adults or regularly spends time unsupervised. Sex offenders commonaltyengage children by disbursal time with them, playing games with them, and showing them special attention or boastful them gifts. Older children or teens whitethorn be offered drugs or alcohol. Offenders forge an emotional bond through frequent contact, positive interaction and by transfer the child or teen that they witness or can hold dear their interests and concerns.In time the emotional bond leads to non-sexual physical contact which can take the form of physical play such as wrestling, affection, sense of touch etc. In this way the offender tests the childs boundaries, in stages subprograming into sexual touch. Usually if the child is older the child starts to kick the bucket uncomfortable or fearful of the sexual activity. Offenders typically threat the child to keep them from speaking up. near child victims are caught in a web of fear, guilt and confusion as a result of the sex offenders grooming and manipulation. Sadly, some(prenominal) child victims remain silent or so their abuse. (Bisquera)2. INDICATORS OF CHILD SEXUAL evilIndicators of child sexual abuse are varied and should always be considered in the context of what else is occurrence in a childs life. Any one indicator, on its own, is a sign that something may be impacting a childs well universe. several(prenominal) behavior indicators can be unexplained form in a childs comfort level (either fixing or fear) around any person in a position of trust. They could show abrupt modifications in performance in school or home. A significant difference in the way the child socializes. For younger children, a sudden loss of skills could be a red flag. A child who was toilet trained could start wetting the bed. af preceding can an also include sexual behavior, often in front of others, such as self-exposure, masturbation, touching others sights private parts, sexual language. In older children or teens this might be seen as promiscuous behavior. Physical indicators such as bruises, scratches, irritation/ itching around genitals that are not undifferentiated with explanations of how they make ited. A victim who is not sexually active could show signs of sexual transmitted diseases, such as crabs, herpes, and gonorr hea. They could also experience tenderness or soreness around areas of penetration. Finding blood in their stool or urine should also cause some concern when it is not explained by other conditions. Underwear is often where proof of abuse may exist. (Bisquera)C. safe STATEMENTS1. FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCEOverall cases of child sexual abuse go away more than 60 percent from 1992 to 2010, according to David Finkelhor, a leading technical on sexual abuse. The separate for this decline comes from a variety of indicators. It includes national surveys of child abuse and crime victimization. The crime statistics are compiled by the F.B.I analysis of data from the National Data Archive On Child Abuse and Neglect and annual surveys of school students in Minnesota. All of the data pointed in the same unionizeion. From 1990 to 2010 cases of sexual abuse dropped from 23 per 10,000 children to 8.6 per 10,000 children. All of the subjects were under the age of 18. Researches institute a 62 percent decrease. There was a 3 percent drop from 2009 to 2010. The Minnesota Student Survey also motif a 29 percent decline in reports of sexual abuse by an adult who was not a family member from1992 to 2010. They also aphorism a 28 percent drop in reports of sexual abuse by a family member. At the same time, the willingness of children to report sexual abuses has increased. They found that in 50 percent of sexual abuse cases, the childs victimization had been reported to an authority, compared with 25 percent in 1992. (Goode, 2012)2. COMMON MOTIVES OF OFFENDERSStudies on who commits child sexual abuse vary in their developings, but the almost common finding is that the majority of sexual offenders are family members or is differently known to the child. intimate abuse by strangers is not nearly as common as sexual abuse by a family member. Reasearch tho shows that men perpetrate most instances of sexual abuse, but on that point are cases that women are the offenders. Despit e a common myth, Homosexual men are not more likely to sexually abuse children than heterosexual men. (American psychological association, 2011) About 73% of child sexual abusers report experiencing sexual abuse in their own childhood. Not all pedophiles are child molesters.Pedophilia is a clinical term that describes a person who has had restate arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors related to sexual activities with children for at least half-dozen months. Pedophiles do notnecessarily have to act on their urges. Sexual offenders have the same attraction to children, but they act on their urges. Sexual offenders come from all backgrounds and social classes. They do their best to become friends with parents, and thitherfore they work to gain the childs trust. (64 facts of 2012)II. REVIEW OF THE writings A. HISTORY1. THE RISE OF PUBLIC advertPublic concern some child abuse has steadily increased. The number of referrals to child protection service in recent years has f armn every year since the 1960s. It is not clear if the increase of reporting is due to a higher incidental of abuse or a widening of the definition of abuse. (Eileen, 2008) Sexual abuse of children was not taken seriously until 1964 when congress passed the Child Abuse and nix and Treatment Act. This established reporting requirements of suspected cases. Among some experts there was a tendency to deny that sexual abuse had lasting consequences. Researchers have now found that there are long-term emotional problems that surface. (Mintz,2012) A contribute factor to the growing public concern is also widely publicised deaths. Although the field of child protection services date back to the 19th century, public concern has rarely reached the present level of intensity. (Polsky, 1991)2. CIVIL LAWSUITSChild abuse statues have been enacted in most states to provide civil privilege for those making good faith reports of suspected child abuse. Most states also provide immunity from cri minal liability. Physicians, nurses and social workers are required to report suspected child abuse that comes before them in some states bankruptcy to report a case carries criminal penalties as well as civil liability.B. KEY ISSUES1. WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE?There are short term and long-term impacts of sexual child abuse. Depression, anxiety, amnesia, disengagement and numbing are just a few have the psychological and emotional responses victims experience. As children become adults they can suffer nearness disturbance, making it hard for them to physically and emotionally have a florid relationship. Suicidal thoughts and co-dependence are also long-term impacts of sexual abuse.WHAT TO DO IF YOU estimate A CHILD YOU KNOW HAS BEEN THE VICTIM OF CHILD ABUSE verbalise up but choose the time and place carefully. Do not ask the child about his or her abuse in front of the person you think may be abusing the child. Ask them questions. Find out if anyone has been ma king them feel uncomfortable. They many not know they are being abused themselves or know its wrong. Follow up on whatsoever do you concerned. Ask in a non-judgmental way using the news program I rather than you so they dont feel shamed. construct a trusting relationship with the child is also important. They should know how to study no and when something does make them feel uncomfortable, they should tell a trusted adult. Most importantly, children should know that some parts of their tree trunk are private. (RAINN, 2009)PROVING SEXUAL ABUSEMany child abuse cases must be proved using circumstantial evidence because direct evidence is not available. In many instances, the child is unable to tell what happened, and the offender does not ordinarily shit the truth. Inferences are therefore very important in providing child abuse. Some sexual abuse requires proof of forcible compulsion. When the victim is a child, the child abuses often submits to the advances of adults who have parental or similar authorities everyplace the child. (Tomas J., 2010)C. MOST RECENT RESEARCH 1. UNDERREPORTED AND LIGHTLY PROSECUTEDChild abuse is greatly underreported and under estimated mostly because of the lack of an agreed- upon definition of abuse. Underreporting is related to several factors. Children over the age of 5 often care for or know their abuser. Therefore, they find themselves trapped between the need for affection and a sense that something is wrong. Cases of sexual child abuse are often lightly prosecuted because of minimal communion betweenthe prosecutors office and child protected services.2. POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONSSome children conquer the physical and physiological effects of child abuse. Those with strong social defend can adapt and cope with bad experiences. For many others, however, child abuse has lifelong consequences, For example, child abuse may result in physical, behavioral, emotion and mental issues. Some physical issues include disabilities an d health problems. Abuse of others or frequent, causal sex with many different partners (sexual promiscuity) or teen maternal quality is an example of behavioral issues. Emotional issues can include low self-esteem, difficultness establishing or maintaining relationship, challenges with intimacy and trust. (Mayo Clinic, 2010)D. INFORMATION FOR THE EXPERTS1. RESEARCH REGARDING PREVENTION STRATEGIES FROM EXPERTSExperts suggest correcting the asymmetry between adult and children by empowering children. First off selective informationrmation is power. Children who know their own bodies are more likely to choose when, how, and by whom they are touched. Self esteem building and experts also suggest self-defense skills. finally children need resources. They should have a network of trusted adults they can turn to. (Torbin,2002)2. PROTECTING CHILDREN FROM SEXUAL ABUSEThe first step in protect children from sexual abuse is recognizing telltale symptoms. Changes in attitude and rebellion at school could point to an underling problem. It is important to educated children about their body parts by understanding what is private. Adults need to be aware of their childs surrounding at school or in a childcare setting. Parents should educate themselves on red flags to protect their child from sexual abuse.III. SUMMARY A. DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS 1. ABOUT RESEARCHDespite our vetoion effort, much more must be done to decrease the incidents of child abuse and neglect. Our efforts should be directed to changes in the helping system, changes in society, and additional research. unmatchable of the hopes for the future lies in research, not only to further define and understand abuse but also to evaluate existing programs. Only though out commitment to change and our willingness to research what will create a better future will we assault the growing problem of sexual child abuse.2. ABOUT PROGRAMSWith child protection agencies are responsible for direct intervention form invest igation and case management. These agencies can be hampered if there is not communicatory and public support for their work, which includes offering programs to help prevent child sexual abuse. There postulate to be more abundant community awareness and education to reduce harm.B. SOCIETYS CONCERN WITH CRIMESociety is helping the system make changes in order to reduce the rate of child abuse. Research is needed to further define and understand abuse. Evaluation is also needed for the existing programs. Commitment to change and willingness to research will create a better future to combat the growing problem of sexual child abuse.IV. CONCLUSIONA. THE PROBLEM REVISITED WITH OPINIONSChild abuse is always been a problem, and in recent year it has made its way to the spotlight. Many people are willing to talk about them being a victim as a child. The more people feel comfortable talking about child sexual abuse. The less it will become a crime. Children become victims because of their vulnerability of trusting adults and incognizant of the wrong. If you think a child you know has been a victim of child sexual abuse thing you can do is to give the child a safe environment in which to talk to you or some other trusted adult.Encourage the child to talk about what he or she hasexperienced, but be careful not to suggest events to him or her that may not of happened. Reassure the child that they did not do anything wrong. Seek mental assistance for the child. Being aware that many states jurisprudences require that persons who know or have a reason to suspect that a child has been sexual abuses must report that abuse to either a topical anaesthetic law informant officials or child protection officials. Our future generation needs to feel protected from being a victim of child sexual abuse.B. SUGGESTION OF POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS.1. PROGRAMSThe best way to prevent child abuse is educate parents about child abuse. Most parents feel that this could never happen to them. Whe n it happens the parents are in shock, but when they learn some warning signs, they are able to point them out. There are many free programs that can teach parents how to educate their children on protecting themselves from child abuse. The reality is when there are budget cuts these programs that protect our future generations are the first to get cut.2. POLICYHaving Policys in school districts and childcare environments can be the solution to protecting children. One suggestion would be to have restrictions on when and where is acceptable for a child to alone with adult. This policy does not only protect the child, but it protects the adult from false accusations.3. LAWSLaws against child sexual abuse can very by country. Based on the local definition of who is a child and what constitutes sexual abuse. As the age of the take to sexual behaviors varies from country to country, so do definitions of child sexual abuse. An adults sexual intercourse with a minor below the legitimate age of consent may sometimes be referred to statutory infraction based on the principle that any apparent consent by a minor could not be considered legal consent.References_American psychological association_. (2011). Retrieved February 20, 2013, from http//www.apa.org/pubs/info/brochures/sex-abuse.aspxA.D.A.M. (2012). _ stark naked york times_. Retrieved February 20, 2013, from http//health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/child-abuse-sexual/overview.htmlBisquera, A. _Child sexual abuse_. Retrieved February 20, 2013, from http//satchawaii.com/get-info-about- child-sexual-abuse.aspx_Child advocacy resource and consultation center_. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2013, from http//www.nyscarcc.org/abuse/abuse.phpChild Welfare Information Gateway. (2008). _Factsheets_. Retrieved February 20, 2013, from https//www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/factsheets/long_term_consequences.cfEileen , M. (2008). (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, California SAGE Publications. Retrieved April 1, 2013 from http//bo oks.google.com/books?id=0nkvffIwK5YC&pg=PA80&dq=rise of public concern child abuse&hl=en&sa=X&ei=n4tQUdO1OqHQiwKnqICQCw&ved=0CFMQ6AEwBgGoode, E. (2012, June 28). Researchers see decline in child sexual abuse rate. Retrieved February 20, 2013, from http//www.nytimes.com/2012/06/29/us/rate- of-child-sexual- abuse-on-the-decline.html?_r=0Mayo Clinic. (2010, July 1). _Child abuse Complications_. Retrieved April 1, 2013 from http//www.mayoclinic.com/health/child-abuse/DS01099/DSECTION=complicationsMintz, S. (2012, July 13). Placing childhood sexual abuse in historicalperspective. Retrieved April 1, 2013 from http//blogs.ssrc.org/tif/2012/07/13/placing-childhood-sexual-abuse-i n-historical-perspective/Polsky, A. (1991). _The rise of the therapeutic state_. (1st ed.). Princeton, New Jersey Princeton University Press. Retrieved April 1, 2013 from http//books.google.com/books?id=fngqbWhPLmsC&pg=PA202&dq=rise of public concern child abuse&hl=en&sa=X&ei=n4tQUdO1OqHQiwKnqICQCw&ved=0CF4Q6AEwCARA INN. (2009). _Child sexual abuse_. Retrieved April 1, 2013 from http//www.rainn.org/get- information/types-of-sexual-assault/child-sexual-abuse/if-you-suspectSue , A. M. (1996). _The reality of abuse_. Retrieved February 20, 2013, from http//www.yesican.org/stats.htmlTomas J., G. (2010). _Criminal evidence Principles and cases_. (7th ed.). Belmont, CA Wadsworth. Retrieved April 1, 2013 from http//books.google.com/books?id=AlBYw53p9f4C&pg=PA81&dq=proving sexual abuse&hl=en&sa=X&ei=G6ZQUaqVF8LJigKV_IDICg&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAw(2012). 64 facts of.. child sexual abuse. Retrieved February 20, 2013, from http//facts.randomhistory.com/child-sexual-abuse-facts.html

The Fight for Women’s Rights

Today, women arrest more(prenominal) than self-sufficiency to do as they please. thither argon universey positions in companies held by women. There was steady a woman who ran for administration in 1872. Addition aloney, there atomic number 18 galore(postnominal) companies founded and ran by women. These show that root word is non the only place for women, and they should not be tied as individuals running the house while their husbands work. The freedom that women collapse today cannot be possible without the events in the past that gave them identity in a order initially dominated by men. Women in the Past and Their Place in hostelTime and again, multitude bore this esteeming that women were scarce a creative source of human animation. Many bulk con sidered them as eer substandard to men, creations that were under the opposite sex activity. Furthermore, women were constantly referred to as source of temptation. take down in cooker(a) countries, women were viewed as children, meaning they would distillery be inferior to men. In Greek mythology, Pandora opened the box and was then responsible for all the unhappiness among mankind. This was the same viewpoint among Christians in the earlyish multiplication. For instance, St. Jerome believed that Woman is the logic gate of the devil, the path of wickedness, the sting of the serpent, in a word a touch-and-go object. This was agreed by Thomas Aquinas, a Christian theologian who believed that the native role of women is for conception. He further claimed that in other liaisons, men are better assisted by their fellow men (Comptons interactional Encyclopedia, 1995). The lose of womens in force(p)s has placed women in smooth situations. During the 17th century, some women were believed to be witches, and were executed. The majority, consisting of men, believed that the weaker sex was more likely to be corrupted by the devil.Interestingly, most of the women supercharged with witc hcraft were brave or stubborn while some were childless, spinsters, or successful. These were the characters that were not in the Puritan idea of femininity (Kendall, 2001, p. 9). Furthermore, the past seen women as internal arrayners, tending nearly the orchard, or making cheese or baking pies. Women were in addition serving guests and cleaning the house. Aside from numerous theater chores, more of these women flummox many children to feed and take awe of. A typical family would bring forth twelve to thirteen children, aside from extended families.The yield was seen to be the enquiry of the family, and this belief was taken from Bible passages which says that man leads the woman. Furthermore, especial(a) emphasis was put on the role of women to be submissive on their husbands (Kendall, 2001, p. 10-11). Additionally, books were promulgated which further strengthened the division of labor between man and woman. An author, George Savile, claimed that men were created more i ntelligent and logical than their counterpart. Thus, men should be the head of families, businesses, and enterp vacates. Also, Savile emphasized the womans film to brook a husband.And for women who were not happy with their marital bears, they should just make the best of it (Kendall, 2001,p. -11). Many colonies had fewer unmarried women. This was because bearing was not easy for spinsters, or those unmarried women. For instance, they did not set out many opportunities to earn. As a result, their parents or brothers or married sisters provided them with their expenses. When this happened, the unmarried women would abet care for their relatives children or clean the house (Kendall, 2001, p. 11) Women likewise did not have liberty with bullion.Laws did not have provisions for women regarding owning a property or making contracts. It was the men who have the liberty to sell their possessions according to his judgment. Further, when a single woman has coin, it becomes the prope rty of her husband upon their marriage. Women lacked the legal right to the money they realise. On hap of this, her be coherentings could be seized by creditors when his husband lacked the money to cede his debts. It was also the mens discretion to leave their properties to anyone upon their death. This power came to be cal guide as the apron-string hold. The only right that women have was only a third gear of their property after the death of the husband (Kendall, 2001,p. 11-12). Women in the past also did not have rights over their children. Under the law, the children were the property of the husbands. In cases when a couple divorces, the sole custody of the children is to the father. Men also have the right to grant custody of the children to anyone that their wives. In addition, laws also permitted husbands to physically assure their wives. This means that husbands could defeat their wives for as long as they want provided that the whip was not thicker than his thumb.Thi s was k instantaneouslyn to be the rule of thumb. However, this was not seen as subjugation against women, but instead it was an assertion of the womens right not to be beaten(a) severely (Kendall, 2001, p. 12). Women were also considered as the weaker sex. They were thought be squeamish and un fitting(p) to do heavy chores. During the preindustrial times, women were asgestural to domestic chores while heavier tasks were done by men. The belief that women were the weaker sex, as seen from the division of labor, forgot to consider that domestic chores, including taking care of children and other tasks, required sustained labor.However, recent studies showed that women have greater consent toance for pain compared to men, and live longer and more resistant to some diseases (Comptons interactive Encyclopedia, 1995). In opportunities for education, the provision for women came as second to that for men. During the colonial times, girls versed to demand and write from dame schools. They could join schools for boys during the summer when boys were working and there were indolent seat in setrooms. Fortunately, changes were in store for the education of some(prenominal) sexes. The latish nineteenth century witnessed the increase in the number of women students.There were colleges and universities founded for women, and the schools for boys also began to admit women students. By 1870, one-fifth of students from colleges and universities were women. It further increased during the early 1900s (Comptons interactional Encyclopedia, 1995). In addition, the traditional role of women as child-bearers gradually changed. It used to be that people has this stereotypal opinion about women whose place is at home. As times changed, women gained freedom and a voice in choosing contraception or undergoing legalized abortion.These choices have apt(p) them greater control over how many children they wanted to bear. in spite of these positive changes, women were still tied to their roles as mothers and wives. Most of them were talented but did not have freedom to pursue studying or other careers (Comptons interactive Encyclopedia, 1995). In place of formal education, many young women learned things from their mothers. They were behaveed to learn cooking and caring for children as education for their emerging roles. During the 1960s, tests were conducted that showed the scholastic achievement of young girls as high during the early grades.The story behind this finding was the decline in the girls expectations because their families or their teachers did not expect them to prepare for a future different from marriage and motherhood. The good thing was that changes were taking place with regards to this trend (Comptons interactional Encyclopedia, 1995). By the start of the twentieth century, women were able to go for undergraduate college degrees. In 1984, 49% of undergraduate degrees were by women, a sharp increase from just 19% during the onset of the century. Furthermore, more women became interested in taking graduate studies.This was further improved when, in the mid-1980s, women held 49% of masteral degrees and 33% of doctoral degrees. Moreover, women students in college comprised 53% in 1985 (Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia, 1995). Another area where women came as inferiors to men was at work. During the colonial times, women who earned a living were seamstresses or in charged of keeping boardinghouses. There were some women who worked mens jobs, such as doctors, preachers, writers, and lawyers, among others. At the onset of the 19th century, occupations allowed for women were either factory labor or domestic work.They were generally excluded from higher professions but were allowed to write and teach (Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia, 1995). Several changes took place in the following centuries. Career opportunities such as medical exam checkup profession have under asleep(p) changed attitudes. Anyone could pra ctice medicine, but obstetrics was generally a womans domain. Unfortunately, the educational preparation needed for this profession increased, limiting some women to further pursue medical practice. On top of it, racial secernment began against certain groups of women. For instance, the American medical checkup Association did not accept females.They were also barred from medical colleges for men. This changed by 1920s. During this period, a solid number of women succeeded certain leading medical schools. This was further strengthened when the American Medical Association accepted women members in 1915 (Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia, 1995). Womens Rights It is common knowledge among people that women did not have as much legal rights and other opportunities compared to men. Women were confined in homes, where their major roles were wives and mothers. They could not join in political or social matters, as these were the spheres of men.Women lacked many rights that in a sense, they were like slaves. Women have been fighting for their rights as early as the 19th century, spearheaded by evangelical groups and volunteer associations among middle women from class and upper class. They have strived to affect changes in the American society whose lieu on women was too limiting (Walter, 2001, p. 184). Rights that women can freely obtain indicates the appreciation of global well- macrocosm. This issue is something that every country should resolve, and not only those ones where piety is the law (Shah, 2007).Rights that women should have equal approaching to embarrass human rights, comparability rights, and political rights, among others. The road to these rights was not a smooth one. Women were constantly in battle for equal footing with men. It took almost fifty years in the lead the Equal Rights Amendment was passed to the states for ratification. Women from all races and depicted objectities colligated to support and push the ratification of ERA. Ra llies, fundraising activities, landmark and many other events were conducted to encourage supporters for the amendment. However, many politicians did not see the need to ratify the ERA for women.They argued that if women were allowed rights, it would destroy families or the womens credibility. However, these issues that were once debated on now became a part of the society (Eisenberg & Ruthsdotter, 1998). Voting rights have also been fought for by brave women. Starting in 1920, women were allowed to suffrage, although their other political roles were limited (Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia, 1995). However, this was a major change in a nation dominated by men who did not believe in allowing women to participate in political matters, including suffrage.But certain women, such as Stanton, believed that obtaining voting rights was a start to a greater role for women in the society (Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia, 1995). Reproductive rights, under radical human rights, were also fought for many years. These rights would allow women the right to determine how many children they wanted to have. Without these rights, their other rights would have no profound meaning. This was because when they were not granted reproductive rights, they would not be able to justy make decisions about other areas including education and work.History witnessed the significant decrease in ancestry rate during the 19th century as women became more educated (Lewis, 2009). Womens Struggles As women battled for their rights and for an equal place in the society, they were confront with opposition from all sides. They have struggled for comparison, for voting rights, and for political power. They have struggled to have an identity in the American society. And they have struggled to be freed from the chains that unploughed them inferiors for many years. Although many changes took place and women now have more liberty compared to the past, women were still in struggle for equality.H istory has witnessed womens struggle against oppression, as commenced in 1857 in textile factories, to stop racial segregation. They have also demanded to be paid equally with that of their male co-workers. Furthermore, women struggled to push their rights through movements and marches. Many people were firmly impertinent to this that some women who participated in these events were jailed or, in removed cases, tortured (TamilCanadian, 1999). The importance of a womens liberation struggle cannot be emphasized enough.Women should be given the freedom from oppression in any form, from discrimination and from their economic dependence on men. Although women have come a long way in their struggles, and now have many rights, there were still some women who faced oppression and in many forms. Sexual harassment is prevalent in some places, especially at work where womens jobs are considered inferior to that of mens. Furthermore, women faced challenges with regards to shared responsibili ties between them and their working husbands. On top of these, there is still the segregation of jobs between sexes (TamilCanadian, 1999).In addition, an article in 1999 account that women in jails were especially susceptible to oppression in the form of sexual abuse and slavery to male prisoners (TamilCanadian, 1999). The Amnesty International reported that women in jails around the world are always victims of human rights violations ascribable to their gender and vulnerability. Women have been the victims of sexual violence, including torture and rape. Furthermore, many of these women were not given proper health care and were instead targeted for punishments and discrimination (Amnesty International, 1999).Even today, womens struggles are still prevalent in the society. Young women struggle for their own equality and democracy. It was claimed that young women have been the targets or victims in many instances. Equal pay for equal work was pushed ahead disdain the trying times during the chaparral administration. Young women have struggled for reproductive rights, welfare reinstatement, criminalization, violence against them, and better access to public education. In addition, further claims were made regarding the exploitation of young women by capitalists and the structures that they control.This was especially true among young women of color, who are more likely to be the subject of sharper racist edge (Wheeler, 2001). Furthermore, women have experienced being paid less compared to men doing the same job. They have also gone through the lack of job security in the retail/ gross sales industry. Aside from this, women have to submit to restrictions on hours rendered for work. Also, many of these industries do not allow workers to organize. And the worst thing is that immigrant women fall prey to the most unworthy working conditions. Between work and families, young women continue to struggle to attend to both.A 2000 census showed that more than 12 jil lion families are led by single parent who also manage the household. Furthermore, 2. 4 million of these families are below the poverty line (Wheeler, 2001). Womens Rights Movement As women became more aware of the importance of obtaining their rights, the Womens Right Movement was put into action in 1848. No one thought that a small group of give women could change the course of history to be able to achieve full rights in America. Womens fight for changes within the family life, employment, government, and education have been notable. These changes did not just happen overnight.Women of different races from different places all desired to affect changes by conducting meetings, nonviolent resistance, and public speaking (Eisenberg & Ruthsdotter, 1998). According to past historical accounts, the birth of the agitation for womens rights was brought about by Frances Wright, a Scotchwoman who visited the United States in 1820. She was popularly known as an intellect on matters regardi ng politics and social reform. She would live from one place to another, always encouraging both men and women to think differently on traditional beliefs including slavery and the degradation of women in the society.Eventually, Wright succeeded in her efforts, evidenced by literature written by various women. The articles that women wrote talked about the status of women. Furthermore, there were lectures conducted, although some women were bannished for doing so (Hecker, 2004, p. 81). These events have led women to uncertainty womens rights, especially among those who were against slavery. Further inquiry into the validity of slavery caused these women to investigate the obligate status of women in the society. Meeting were conducted to address these issues.However, the women, including Angelina and Sarah Gimke, often faced hostility in meetings where there were men. In fact, during a meeting of the Anti-Slavery Association in 1840, men did not take part in committees where ther e were women involved. This was despite women held a larger contribution to uphold the cause (Hecker, 2004, p. 81). These affairs reached capital of the United Kingdom during the Worlds Anti-Slavery conference. Some alti-slavery organizations sent women as their delegates. Unfortunately, the English members refused to allow these women to take part in the proceedings due in part to the opposition of the clergy.The last mentioned believed that St. Paul did not permit women to teach. Thus, delegates Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, the starting line president of the Female Anti-Slavery Society of Philadelphia, decided to start a womens rights convention upon returning to the United States. The Worlds Anti-Slavery Convention caused a larger cause to exist (Hecker, 2004, p. 81). July 13, 1848 is the birth of the movement in New York during a tea party. Elizabeth Cady Stanton, a housewife and mother, along with quartet friends, was in attendance. During their conversation, t he topic turned to the situation of women.Stanton made known of her dissatisfy about the limitations enforced on women in the Americas overbold democracy. Despite the American Revolution which was fought 70 years earlier, women still lacked freedom. Stanton believed that the society could benefit more if women were given active roles. This was something that Stantons friends agreed with, and thus they carried out a large program (Eisenberg & Ruthsdotter, 1998). Days after this conversation, they set a date and posture for their first convention. It was held on July 19-20, 1848, at Seneca Falls, New York.Newspapers attributed the organization of the event to the split wives, childless women, and sour old maids, referring to Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Mrs. McClintock and other brave women who attended to their domestic lives and to their children. This first convention attracted a large crowd which reached 300 (Hecker, 2004, p. 81). During the convention, the women pr esented and signed the Declaration of Sentiments and Declaration of Resolutions mainly based on Declaration of Independence. These entangle the objectives of the womens rights movement.After this convention, many others were held for the following years (Adams, 2003, pp. 7-8). As Stanton herself expected, saucilyspapers and certain people backlashed them. This was because newspapers believed that the Declaration of Sentiments was shameless, most especially the demand for women to vote. They attacked women on all sides. Fuirthermore, the newspapers published the document, along with the signatures of women who supported it. As a result, many of the women from the Convention had doubts and even withdrew their signatures from the document. Despite being embarrassed, some women were steadfast in what they believed in.Fortunately, something happened which favored the women upon the make of the document. The negative articles that editors published became widespread that even the peopl e from isolated towns were apprised to the issues. As a result, many people became involved in the het up debate regarding the womens rights in the society (Eisenberg & Ruthsdotter, 1998). The push for womens rights was further supported by two factions of the movement in 1869. One was the American Woman vote Association (AWSA) and the other, the subject area Woman Suffrage Assocation (NWSA).AWSA was nonionised in capital of Massachusetts by Lucy Stone, a woman popular for advocating anti-slavery and for lobbying the womens rights. NWSA, on the other hand, was organized by Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. The organization aimed to change federal law and passionately opposed the 15th Amendment as it excluded provisions for women (Women in Congress, n. d. ).. The two factions could not unite because the supporters of AWSA believed that their tinge was racially divisive and organized to continue a national reform at the state level (Women in Congress, n. d. ).Furthermore, NWSA did n ot include alternative arguments and strategies. The NWSA founders also ignored other women groups, including organizations ran by laborers, civic reformers and farmers (Buhle, M. J. , Buhle, P. , & Stanton, 2005, p. xix). With the delicate balance between these factions, the AWSA and the NWSA strived to maintain momentum. The latter attracted recruits from the public speaking activities of both Stanton and Anthony. AWSA, on the other hand, did not have the wide reach that the rival organization enjoyed, but it was better funded and larger.However, the factions were not able to attract bountiful support from women. They did not even encourage male politicians to allow women to vote (Women in Congress, n. d. ). Between the 1880s and the onset of 1890s, a stack of volunteerism brush the nation. Many of these volunteers came from middle-class women, most of whom were members of clubs and professional societies, supporters of progressive causes, and members of charity organizations. T he surge of volunteerism was brought about by these womens desire to expand their sphere of activities further outdoors the home.Thus, the suffrage movement was further strengthened, and both the AWSA and the NWSA gained momentum. Finally, the two factions united in 1890 as they took advantage of the constituency brought about by the event. AWSA and NWSA united and formed the National Americal Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), led by Stanton and, later, by Anthony. The new organization drew support from various organizations ran by women, including the Womens Christian graveness Union (WCTU), the National Consumers League, and the Womens Trade Union League (Women in Congress, n. . ). The new organization aimed to gain votes in states and went through some challenges. Finally, in 1869, Wyoming became the first state to allow women full voting rights. Afterwards, Colorado, Utah, and Idaho followed suit. These were the only states which allowed women to vote. The period screening 1910 to 1914, the NAWSA furthered its efforts to encourage other states to do the same thing. Consequently, the states Washington, California, Kansas, Arizona, and Oregon extended voting rights to women.In 1913, the Illinois followed suit, and the states future congresswoman, Ruth Hanna McCormick, helped advance the fight for suffrage. In 1914, meitnerium joined the states, mainly due to the efforts of its future Congresswoman, Jeannette Rankin (Women in Congress, n. d. ). Womens fight to obtain full rights like those of mens is not finished yet. There are still cases of oppression and violence against women. Women are still struggling to rise to be able to obtain a strong identity in the American society. The liberty and rights that women have today became impossible due to events in the past that put women in the frontline.The Womens Rights Movement have enabled women to obtain voting rights and, consequently, human rights and equality rights. The selfless efforts of several nota ble women opened the look of all women regarding their place in the society. In the past, the only place for women was the home. They lacked basic rights and were mainly inferior to their husbands or to men in general. However, times have changed. In most places, women now stand side by side and in equality with men. The efforts of women to push forward a better life full of opportunities for all women brough forth these fruits.

Blood Brothers Essay

You be the director of a new occupation of blood brothers. Give advice to the hazardors playing the roles of Eddie and rice paddy about how to tackle the progress changes. You essential comment on at least two scenes in detail. If you have seen a production of Blood Brothers you may also call to this. In the scene when you both meet for the first time you must consider your consistency language. You must consider how an eight-spot year gray-haired would walk and stand. An eight year over-the-hill would have fewer worries than somebody who is senescenter than them so they would walk not really paying lots financial aid to what is around them.You would also have to think how someone who is give moody would walk compared to someone who is from a less well saturnine background. You have got to consider how to use the aroma of your voice. At first they were a bit shy. But afterward they first met you would have to consider how an eight year old would not be shy so they wo uld prescribe anything so theorise your lines so the audience have no suggestion to what you will say next. Another important factor to consider is the track you deliver your lines. You should deliver your lines in a free flowing way.When they are swearing you should not feel like people might be offended. In the scene when you Mickey and Eddie meet for the first time after they have both moved to the country you should pay attention to your body language. This time Eddie and Mickey are both 16 17 eld olds. So you have to think about how a 16 17 year old would act. A 16 17 year old would have more problems than a person of 8 years old but still not as many as an elderly person. You still have to consider how a person who is better off would act compared to a person from the ghetto.Again you would have to consider the tone of your voice. You would expect a teenager to swear more and they may babble with a slight mumble. Again you should consider the way you deliver your lin es. In the scene when Mickey is trying to kill Eddie you should again pay attention to your body language. This time Eddie and Mickey are both in theyre thirtys. Mickey is depressed and he has a lot of problems an casing of which was that he was put in jail for his brother shooting someone. plot of ground Eddie on the other hand has few, because he has a successful business.Mickey has just realised that Eddie is seeing his girlfriend Linda. When Mickey is pointing the gun at Eddie, Eddie has to act frightened because he fears for his life. Mickey is holding the gun so that he feels in control instead of having Eddie control his life. Mickey has to act upset(a) because Eddie made his life he gave him a job and a nice home. You again have to consider the tone of your voice. Mickey should say his lines in a sort of stuttery way. Eddie should deliver his lines in a scared voice, while Mickey should deliver his lines in a scared and confused way.

My Personal Ethics and What They Mean to Me Essay

Everyone has their own person-to-person moral philosophy, for me this means being honest to my self in every(prenominal)thing I do. I use my face-to-faceizedized ethics to help in making choices that mint every aspect of my life. Personal ethics for me mean that I issuing away to be who I am and dont let others proceeds the way I cypher or be fuck off. Ethics are what makes us who we are and how we react to situations. In school it is important to have personal ethics, this helps us to be honest, uphold the academic integrity, and be able to honour the rules that are set for us. When at work, home or while traffic with others your personal ethics fill in into play.People dont level off realize that they use these every day to make choices that testament make them. I always think before I say something and how it will affect the other person. There are some who do not do this however, and for them their personal ethics are different. I find it securely to take care those who do not have the same kind of personal ethics as myself. I know the reason why others do not think as I do, but it is hard to understand when someone is mean or dishonest and thinks nothing of it. I have always tried to be an honest and caring person.I take care of others and I am responsible for a lot of their personal items. I have to deal with small amounts of their money, cell phones, clothing, and jewelry every day. Without my ethics I would think nothing of taking things that didnt belong to to me. I know that I have had coworkers who have done this and I hate that it happened. They of course are no longer working here. It amazes me that the great unwashed have bad personal ethics that they can even think about doing something to someone who has been placed in their care. I will as long as I live use my personal ethics to make me a better person to all I come in contact with.

How effective is 99 Cents Only Stores’ strategy for IT infrastructure investments? Essay

Management Information Systems Tenth Edition provides a itemize of fountain studies for you to snap. Included in these themes are questions to help you understand and give out the scale. You whitethorn, however, be assigned other case studies that do not invite questions. This Hands-on Guide kick ins a structured frame wee to help you analyze such cases as well as the case studies in this text. keen how to analyze a case get out help you attack nearly any business riddle. A case study helps students learn by immersing them in a real-world business scenario where they bunghole act as problem-solvers and decision-makers.The case presents facts about a particular plaque. Students are asked to analyze the case by focusing on the most eventful facts and using this tuition to look the opportunities and problems veneer that organization. Students are then asked to identify alternative cables of legal action to hand out with the problems they identify. A case study analys is must not merely summarize the case. It should identify key issues and problems, outline and assess alternative courses of action, and good deal suppress conclusions. The case study analysis fuck be disturbed down into the following steps1. recognize the most in-chief(postnominal) facts chance on the case.2. Identify the key issue or issues.3. Specify alternative courses of action.4. estimate severally course of action.5. Recommend the best course of action.Lets look at what each step involves.1. Identify the most important facts surrounding the case. Read the case several times to become acquainted(predicate) with the information it contains. Pay attention to the information in any resultant exhibits, tables, or figures. Many case scenarios, as in real life, present a great deal of detailed information. Some of these facts are more relevant that others for problem identification. One can assume the facts and figures in the case are true, but statements, judgments, o r decisions do by individuals should be questioned. emphasize and then list the most important facts and figures that would help you define the central problem or issue. If key facts and numbers are not accessible, you can make assumptions, but these assumptions should be reasonable given(p) the situation. The correctness of your conclusions may depend on the assumptions you make. 2. Identify the key issue or issues. office the facts provided by the case to identify the key issue or issues facing the company you are studying. Many cases present multiple issues or problems. Identify the most important and separate them from more trivial issues. State the major problem or challenge facing the company. You should be able to mention the problem or challenge in one or deuce sentences. You should be able to explain how this problem affects the strategy or carrying into action of the organization. You will need to explain why the problem occurred. Does the problem or challenge faci ng the company come from a changing environment, modern opportunities, a declining market share, or inefficient internal or out-of-door business processes?In the case of information systems-related problems, you need to pay additional attention to the quality of technology as well as the mien of the organization and its management. Information system problems in the business world typically present a combination of management, technology, and organisational issues. When identifying the key issue or problem, ask what kind of problem it is Is it a management problem, a technology problem, an organisational problem, or a combination of these? What management, organizational and technology factors contributed to the problem? To determine if a problem stems from management factors, consider whether managers are exerting appropriate leadership over the organization and monitoring organizational performance.Consider too the nature of management decision-making Do managers put one a cross sufficient information for playacting this role, or do they fail to take advantage of the information that is available? To determine if a problem stems from technology factors, examine any issues arising from the organizations information technology infrastructure its hardware, software, networks and telecommunications infrastructure, and the management of data in databases or traditional files. Consider also the whether the appropriate management and organizational assets are in place to use this technology effectively. To determine the role of organizational factors,examine any issues arising from the organizations structure, culture, business processes, work groups, divisions among interest groups, relationships with other organizations, as well as the impact of changes in the organizations external environment-changes in government regulations, economic conditions, or the actions of competitors, customers, and suppliers.You will have to decide which of these factors-or a combination of factors is most important in explaining why the problem occurred. 3. Specify alternative courses of action. List the courses of action the company can take to solve its problem or meet the challenge it faces. For information system-related problems, do these alternatives require a advanced information system or the modification of an existing system? Are new technologies, business processes, organizational structures, or management behavior required? What changes to organizational processes would be required by each alternative?What management indemnity would be required to implement each alternative? Remember, there is a difference between what an organization should do and what that organization actually can do. Some solutions are too expensive or operationally problematic to implement, and you should avoid solutions that are beyond the organizations resources. Identify the constraints that will limit the solutions available. Is each alternative executable given these constraints? 4. Evaluate each course of action. Evaluate each alternative using the facts and issues you identified earlier, given the conditions and information available. Identify the costs and benefits of each alternative.Ask yourself What would be the likely outcome of this course of action? State the risks as well as the rewards associated with each course of action. Is your recommendation feasible from a technical, operational, and financial sales booth? Be sure to state any assumptions on which you have found your decision. 5. Recommend the best course of action. State your choice for the best course of action and provide a detailed explanation of why you made this selection. You may also want to provide an explanation of why other alternatives were not selected. Your final recommendation should flow logically from the rest of your case analysis and should clearly specify what assumptions were used to shape your conclusion. There is lots no single right answer, and each option is likely to have risks as well as rewards.

Money Is the Root of All Evil

Money is the al-Qaida of all evil. Many of us grew up hearing that funds is the free radical of all evil, but that is not really what scripture teaches us. Money is n either evil nor good. It is only what happens with money once it is in our hands that gives it qualities of either good or evil. Money can be many things, depending on how we relate to it. We need to understand the difference between a material currency that is the basis for our lives and a material appetency that is driven by covetousness. It is a fact that money mothers the world go round and this is how we cartel for food, shelter, education, travel and just about everything in life has a price.Money is the retort for our work that allows us to enjoy the good things in life. It is the foundation for our tender organizations and the donations to churches and charitable organizations that allows them to become established and function properly within our communities. From this orchestrate of view, money is n ot the evil it is just a source of our survival. From the opposite hand, the love of money can destroys our lives. Not only money by themselves, but the desire of them. The greediness can destroy individuals, break up homes and even bring down nations.When the love of material possessions, social term and political power are the driving force behind our desire for money, we become rooted in evil. People can also make money there god. It depends on whether money is in train of the soul or the person is in control of the money. It is clear, when money is in control of person it can make a lot of harm. To sum up, I should say that money is not evil, as I think. Its just the greed thats in the hearts of those who want it for needless riches and power that gives money the label of being evil.

The Crucible

Have you ever been incriminate of something you didnt do and return been put on trial for it? tumesce, in the go The crucible by Arthur moth miller, military cosmosy flock were put on trial, and 20 were killed. The melting pot was ground on a true tale ab prohibited the belief of slime eelsery in capital of Oregon, mummy. And it each(prenominal) started with a lie from a crowd of girls. in that location were 3 big approximations in the receive Religion, False accusations, and Witchcraft. The first theme is Religion. In the grade, the accusers base their accusations solely on religion.For instance, if you did non k right off the 10 Commandments then you would be accused of witchery. They real much asked innocent pack to separate the Commandments, well(p) to make sure. When asked to ingeminate the commandments you must recite them without hesitation and mistakes or you would be calculateed at as a suspect of witchery. Theology sir, is a fortress, no crac k in the fortress may be accounted broken ( unscathed-947). Here buns reminder missed peerless of the commandments and now he is smellinged at more(prenominal) c befully. They wishwise asked those who were already accused of witchcraft to recite them. Do you manage your commandments Elizabeth? ( trail-946) He asked Elizabeth be origin she was already accused of witchcraft. They thought that what they were doing was ok because they said the bible said so. I consume no association of it the bible speaks of witches and I pass on non deny them ( monitoring device-949). monitor lizard was acquiring questioned by Rev. squelch and he asked monitoring device if he recollectd in witches, if he had said no, he would be suspicious of witchcraft, moreover as Elizabeth was. The entropy theme was false accusations.The story was every last(predicate) about false accusations and lies. In typify I, Parris asked Abigail if she was conjuring spirits and she said Not I sir, Tituba and poignancy (Abigail-918). She falsely accused them when her intentions were to kill Goody Proctor by imbibing the blood. Abigail was forever and a day finding new things to blame on Elizabeth. Goody Proctor always kept poppets (Abigail-968). Abby said this because she claimed she was stabbed in the birth with a needle, and accusing Elizabeth of doing this with her poppets that she does non drive.In salute they would often do outlandish things to make the person look as if they were campaign make upacting witchcraft. Oh, Mary, this is desolate magic art to change your shape. No I dejectionnot, I so-and-sonot stop my mouth, it is deitys work I do (Abigail-975). Abby was do it trainm as if Mary Warren was doing magic and s leftovering out her spirit in the court to form her. The final and biggest theme in the story was witchcraft. In their time practicing witchcraft was a finale sentence, and interpreted very seriously. After Mary was accused, she had to do someth ing to take the heat send off of her. To Proctor You be the Devils man (Mary W-976). Mary indicated that that Proctor had a compact with the Devil, he is a witch and he made her trace Lucifers black book. The officials in like manner watched what you said to let them know you are a witch. You heard that sir Ripped out of the world Hennrick, you heard it (Cheever-952) He was referring to what Elizabeth said, so now she is officially accused of witchcraft. They often act to get those who blackleged to tell on other(a)s. Did you ever enamour anyone with the Devil? (Danforth-991).Danforth was travailing to get Proctor to confess on him and others who they thought practiced witchcraft. So in conclusion, the play The Crucible which was establish on a true story, where umpteen raft was accused of doing things they didnt do, and they were killed for it. So imagine if someone you love were killed because of something they didnt do, and you couldnt do anything to turn in their liv es solely plead with the hoi polloi who were cleaning them. Well for more than 20 people and their families in Salem, Massachusetts, this was their reality.The CrucibleBe ampleing- Crucible study It is instinctively assumed that be doggeding to the group mickle better nurture the respective(prenominal) against external threats however Arthur Millers The Crucible translates that much(prenominal) instinctive assumptions are flawed. The group can destroy itself without the voice of the single(a), un memorised of thinking rationally, because the herd barely acts instinctively and its members conform out of guardianship of alienation or the very natural human desire to belong. The vastness of the individual who stands against company is celebrated as they possess true interpreter decency and offer salvation to the group.These belonging insights are further explored in Shakespeares eponymous play Othello and Arthur Boyds condition painting Persecuted Lovers 1957-1958. Ar thur Millers The Crucible explores belonging as a protective force against externalised fears. The backdrop and imagery emphasise Salems many an(prenominal) another(prenominal) anxieties. The virgin woodwind is ironically, for the Salemites, the Devils last preserve where abominations are done and girls whose sexual activity should be invisible are embed dancing manage heathens.Into this wilderness bob up marauding Indian tribes, whose apparent barbarism and pagan beliefs threaten the villagers insular Protestant kindly assemble. Miller imitates this cultural hostility in the very weather a few small-windowed, dark preindications snuggling against the raw Massachusetts winter. Paradoxically, it is the Salem tragedy that theocracy was developed for considerably purposes to protect the villagers, and ironically it is the authorised institutions which inflict the most destruction. Salem is a b straddle high indian lodge on the sharpness of wilderness and its civilis ation is peril by a vast and dark endless continent.They deal, in contrast, that their unbending consistency, all their indorseings and their denial of vain enjoyment is that they held in their regular(a) moots the candle that would light the world. They believe that their unity in spite of the sacrifices it requires of them individually instead protects them. The main protagonist of the play is a flawed man even to himself. Proctor has come to regard himself as a kind of fraud as he demonstrates his outward repel at the hypocrisy around him yet his inward fear that his get sin of lechery makes him one also.However, Proctor stands against the hypocrisy as he rejects the rules for loving conformity creating dramatic tension as he challenges the authority of Danforth and unharmed in the final two acts. Giles Corey also defies the extort to conform, symbolically stand for by the physical weights laid on him until he expires still rebelliously calling for more weight. Abigai l, however, understands the power of belonging and the fear of closing off using it as a potent destructive weapon. Directly confronting Danforth as she threatens Let you beware.Her victory over Mary Warren demonstrates her acting talents but also her manipulation of the survey hysteria and paranoia that spreads rapidly among the Salemites. Ironically, the more fear that is induced in the community the less truth is extracted from its members and the greater destruction of its amicable fabric. Savagery and superstition in the forest invert law and social order manticly found in the village. The consequence of the mass killing, seventy-two to hang is further compelling evidence of the d fretfulnesss of mass hysteria.Proctor exclaims the crazy little children jangle the keys of the kingdom, pointing out the madness that has gripped participation. This definition relates to Millers observation of the careers ruined and suicides of people accused during the McCarthy persecutions in the United States during the 1950s. The belligerence of Danforth as he addresses young girls, confess yourself or you lead hang a travesty of any legal role is reminiscent also of the House of Un-American coifivities Committee.Paradoxically, it is the morality of an individual who stands against society who doesnt belong, that offers salvation. Proctor is respected and even feared in Salem Danforth hopes that the confession of a weighty lean humankindally endangered on the church exit bend more to the autocracy he is enforcing. In the final moments of the play and on stage Proctor, finding the courage to be true reflected in a dramatic act on stage, tears his confession and the falsifying it represents. Danforth has no choice but to retreat crying out in desperation, Hang them high over the t profess The tragic hero of Shakespeares eponymous play Othello resists the insecurities that the outsider normally suffers. Othello has overcome the significant parapet that his c olour poses to walk as an equal among washrag Venetian society through his strong moral tallness, arrayn as he is referred to as the overlord Moor and valiant Othello. Keep up your bright swords, for the dew volition deplete them, he c at one timeitedly cautions the party that challenges him.Othello is described as a man whom passion could not shake in the military phere but in the domestic sphere and in civil society Othello is less practiced. His man and wife to Desdemona exposes him to all the unfamiliarity of that terrain. Iago, his nemesis exploits this unfamiliarity, until he can no thirster quell the doubts that plague every waking moment. Othello begins to refer to Desdemona as the plum devil- the powerful black/white imagery in this oxymoron captures the good/bad qualities which they are associated. As his jealousy grows Othello begins to canvas his colour as representative of ruth and disgrace, her denote s now begrimd and black as mine own face. In his final s peech, Othello attempts to lay aside himself and restore his preliminary moral stature by taking the savage turbaned Turk (the outsider) he feels he has become by the throat and killing him, restoring his place in Venetian society. So here the individual is sacrificed to the social mores of the group. Arthur Boyds Persecuted Lovers 1957-58 represents the societal racism within Australia over the 20th century. Boyd depicts the push relationships between Indigenous Australians and white Australians.The two lovers (a black man and white char fair sex) attempt to belong to each other through their love, ignoring the social stature of racism and ignorance which forbids inter-marriages. Similar to Proctor in The Crucible, the white woman acts against society to gain her own moral sense of belonging with her lover. Defying the group results to her death as the rifleman takes aim on the two lovers with silent murderous anticipation. finis is foreshadowed with the flower protruding fro m the mans ear symbolic of a funeral posy.The warm colours and the predatory bird further enhance the general mood of death and destruction. Boyd uses symbolism to explore the human emotions of love and hatred. The mans blue skin and his lovers blue hand symbolise their love and sense of belonging with each other. The rifle-man wears the conventional reproducible of a modern day (European) businessman holding an early nineteenth century rifle referencing modern-day racism having its roots in the colonial era. The prosecutors dominating stance reflects the mans control over the stance which parallels the states control over the Indigenous population.Her innocence today identifiable by her white bridal gown and further enhance by her white skin and red hair reflects societys destruction and flaws as it murders one of its own. It can be concluded that it is societys desperate desire to protect itself inferred by the strict social rules of conformity it enforces on its members and the vast hysteria and paranoia it spreads is in position the cause of the destruction. The importance of the individual is celebrated as they uphold the moral decencies of a true reputation. The Crucible, Othello and Persecuted Lovers are texts which represent these belonging insights.The CrucibleThe Crucible The playwright, Arthur Miller, uses the character face in the play to military position the auditory sense to accept the preponderant interpret material of the play, which is the concern and dangers of unearthly fanaticism. The play, The Crucible, is set in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. It is establish upon the actual events which led to the Salem witch trials, a series of hearings to cast which individuals were in fact practicing witchcraft.The play also conveys parallels to the McCarthyist era, during which the playwright was questioned as he had attended Communist meetings, and modern day anti-terror laws, which prevent people of sealed backgrounds and cultures to enter countries, as they are immediately sent to prisons, base on appearance and other individuals opinions, that are truely not based upon facts. The hearing is positioned to relate to the inventions in the play, as well as sympathising with characters. Miller does this as it is a way of acquiring his message to the earshot.The dominant rendering of the play is apparitional fanaticism this is displayed as the town of Salem is control by a theocracy. However, the staring(a) tense town is hardly that, filled with decomposition, high treason and a never-ending blame game, which evidently causes masses of people to be try in court resulting in many of them being hung. This concept of doing anything to reach what you need draws parallels to a number of occurrences. They are, the real Salem witch trials upon which the story is based upon, the McCarthyist era and the modern day anti-terror laws although not directly addressed, the desireness is overwhelming.The anti-ter ror laws allow, mostly, innocent individuals to be held in prisons around the world simply because they look a genuine way or are of a authentic race. The comparison drawn is that one does not need evidence, merely a persons word, true or false. Miller displays real parallels and concepts to surface that spectral fanaticism is not always guaranteed a collected society, in fact it ensues the opposite. The hero in the play is throne Proctor he is a good man who has unfortunately made one drab decision, consorting with his previous mansionmaid, Abigail Williams.Proctors wife, Elizabeth, questions his motives and whereabouts, sometimes leaving Proctor feeling wretched as he has told Williams to leave him alone since the event. He is the hero of the play as he, unlike many other characters, does not feel pressure to defer to the unreasonable accusations of witchcraft. When Elizabeth Proctor, whoremaster Proctors wife, is about to be interpreted away for witchcraft Proctor is p ortrayed as feel for and selfless, as telln in this reiterate by put-on Proctor, We are what we always were in Salem, but now the little crazy children are jingle-jangle the keys of the kingdom, and plebeian vengeance writes the lawThis warrants vengeance Ill not give my wife to vengeance (p72). Elizabeth replies, Ill go trick. (p72) privy responds with a quite precise answer, You get out not go (p72) This quote shows that Proctor, no matter what unjust decisions he has made in the historical are nothing compared to the passion he feels for his wife, and that he would do anything for her. Furthermore, it allows the au separatence to see that one person does know what is happening, that most citizens of Salem provoke softened to the young antics of teenage girls.At the end of work out IV, Proctor is asked to sign a piece of paper confessing that he had consulted with the devil, and that he was practising witchcraft, this quote displays his courage, I befuddle confe ssed myself Is there no good penitence but it be public? God does not need my name nailed upon the church God sees my name God knows how black my sins are It is enough (p123 p124) This shows that Proctor is instinctive to salvage his family by confessing his sins, furthermore he does not want his family to be shunned by Salem.This positions the earreach to sympathise with Proctor allowing the earreach to like him, and apparent horizon him as Miller had intended, a hero. Proctor also helps Miller to display the dangers of spiritual fanaticism, and what can become of a society if theology is so richly followed that is, a corrupt and vengeful community, where each individual has their own wellbeing, forrader they begin to think of any one else. Abigail Williams is a unchaste individual who entrust stop at nothing to secure her previous paramour, John Proctor.She believes that the previous sexual encounter between her and Proctor heart and soul he still and always leave, love her. Williams is portrayed as the foe in the play, no doubt that she is more conniving than any other character, as shown in tour I, when she threatens the other girls involved in the so called witchcraft, she states, And mark this. Let either of you breathe a word, or the frame of a word, about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will pay off a pointy reckoning that will shudder you.And you know I can do it (p26) This quote edifyly shows what Williams is capable of, and that she wants the other girls to know that she will do what is necessary for her to contact her goal of retaining Proctor. Williams also conveys how deceptive she rattling is when talking to her uncle, Parris, about why she was fired by Elizabeth Proctor, from the Proctors servicing in this quote, She hates me, uncle, she must, for I would not be her slave. Its a shrilly woman, a lying, cold, snivelling woman, and I will not work for such a woman (p20) T his clearly shows that she does not care who she hurts or whose reputation she blackens, as long as her name is good it does not matter. Miller uses Williams to show that religious fanaticism does not always ensure a cultivate humanity. doubting doubting doubting Thomas Putnam is a avaricey man who, like Williams, does what is in his power to retrieve, what he believes, is rightfully his. In this case it is supposed, by Giles Corey, that Putnam compelled his daughter, ruth, to accuse many people in Salem, including George Jacobs, Giles Corey and Goody Osbourn.Goody Osbourn was the Putnams midwife many times, and they believe she killed their children, also George Jacobs was an innocent man accused by shame Putnam of sending his spirit to her at night. Giles Corey correctly identified Thomas Putnam for wrongfully accusing persons of witchcraft in order to gain their many domain surrounding his already significant property. The following quote in Act I is stated by Putnam to Parr is, When empyreal hygienic comes, you will go by to look for signs of witchcraft here. (p23).This quote shows that Putnam wants the witch-hunt to progress progression of this will give up Putnam time to declare more of his rivals, in return he will receive their land. The character analysis of Putnam shows that he is also spiteful and like Williams, his own well-being and desires are all that concern him, displaying the upsetting depravation in the perfect society that is Salem. In conclusion, Arthur Miller does in fact use the character manifestation in the play to position the au clog upnce to accept the dominant reading of the play, which is, the dangers of religious fanaticism.Miller does this by depict the characters in a certain way, such as John Proctor who is portrayed as a hero for he would rather die to keep his name, than live a lie and be shunned by society. It also conveys that the dominant reading, of dangers of religious fanaticism, does not always entail a pe rfect life. Thus, Arthur Miller succeeded in what he set out to do which was, seduce a play that is not only successful but conveyed an thinking of great importance, that is to display the parallels between the 1692 Salem witch trials and the McCarthyist era, and how easily it is for decadency to surface and become everyday life.The CrucibleWhat profit him to go? Shall the debris praise him? Shall the worms declare his truth? (145) rarified ram begs Elizabeth to convert John Proctor to move in order for him not to be hanged. dredge does this because he sees the errors in his ways and knows that Proctor is innocent. In The Crucible by Arthur Miller, reverend Hales despair, pretend Danforths integrity, empyrean Parris avarice exhibit their use of authority. At the beginning of the play, empyrean Hale arrives in Salem eager to try and rid the Devil from the town. besides in Act 2, his confidence starts to diminish when he goes to the Proctors house to investigate without t he court knowing. I am a unknown quantity here, as you know. And in my ignorance I find it hard to draw a clear opinion of them that come accused onward the court. (63) This quote shows that high-flown Hale can only make an accurate judgment by getting to know the people accused of the crime and not just by an accusation made in court. It also shows that although he was once validating, Hale begins to show signs of doubting the presence of witchcraft in Salem.Reverend Hales despair lastly emerges in Act 3 when John Proctor gets convicted because of Abigail Williams absurd accusations. Hale becomes enraged with anger and frustration, and cease the court. Later in Act 4, Hale returns in order to convince the convicted to confess to witchcraft so they will not be hanged. This exemplifies his make sense loss in faith of the law. When John Proctor is finally hanged, it completes Reverend Hales transformation from the beginning where he is sanguine and smart of finding witchcraft, to cynical and disgusted.Not only does Reverend Hale show the authority of power, but so does Judge Danforth. In order to try and keep peace in the town of Salem, Judge Danforth looks at the accusations of witchcraft in a very logical and holy way. He thinks he is being guided by God, so nobody can be really convicted of witchcraft unless they are being controlled by the Devil. Although this seems like a fair way to act in the courtroom, it fails to recognize the lies told by Abigail Williams. save you must understand, sir, that a person is either with this court or he must be counted against it, there be no pass between.This is a sharp time, now, a precise time- we live no eight-day in the dusky afternoon when evil mixed itself with good and bewildered the world. (94) This quote clearly shows that Judge Danforth looks at everybody as being with or against God. Since the court takes the side of God, anyone such as John Proctor, must be conspiring with the Devil. take down thou gh Danforth acts as the defining source of reason, he refuses to see he was wrong at the end of the play. different Judge Danforth, Reverend Parris abuses his authority. Unlike Reverend Hale, Reverend Parris exhibits greed and an overall disregard for humanity.In Act 1, his actions are very misleading because he appears to be panic-stricken of unveil that there has been witchcraft in Salem. and he is not concerned due to the presence of witchcraft, but because he does not want to shame his name and lose his job. Where is my wood? My contract provides I be supplied with all my firewood. I am waiting since November for a stick, and even in November I had to show my frostbitten hands like some capital of the United Kingdom beggar (29) Parris complains of how he has no firewood even though he is supposed to get some.He later goes on to demand the deed for his house and aver on golden candlesticks for the church. These are all example of his greed and how he does not care what oth er people must do in order for him to get his way. Parris fails to redeem himself which is evident in Act 3 when he commits perjury by telling the court that he never saw the girls in the forest dancing naked, even though he told Abigail that he saw them. But in Act 4, Reverend Parris appears to have a change of heart because he convinces Danforth to postpone the hangings. But this is just another red herring to try and save himself.Parris found a dagger stabbed into his door, and if clearly innocent people are killed, the people of Salem might form an uprising against him. All of Parris wrongdoings make him suffer when Abigail steals all of his money and runs away with it to Boston. In The Crucible, Reverend Hale becomes an example of despair, Judge Danforth stands by his integrity, and Reverend Parris is thwarted by his own greed. By the end of the play, all of these characters exhibit their use of authority in positive and ostracize ways. But one fact that connects all of them i s they were swindled by a group of selfish teenage girls.The CrucibleThe Crucible The playwright, Arthur Miller, uses the character construction in the play to position the audience to accept the dominant reading of the play, which is the concern and dangers of religious fanaticism. The play, The Crucible, is set in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. It is based upon the actual events which led to the Salem witch trials, a series of hearings to determine which individuals were in fact practicing witchcraft.The play also conveys parallels to the McCarthyist era, during which the playwright was questioned as he had attended Communist meetings, and modern day anti-terror laws, which prevent people of certain backgrounds and cultures to enter countries, as they are immediately sent to prisons, based on appearance and other individuals opinions, that are certainly not based upon facts. The audience is positioned to relate to the concepts in the play, as well as sympathising with characters. M iller does this as it is a way of getting his message to the audience.The dominant reading of the play is religious fanaticism this is displayed as the town of Salem is ruled by a theocracy. However, the perfect town is hardly that, filled with degeneracy, betrayal and a never-ending blame game, which evidently causes masses of people to be tried in court resulting in many of them being hung. This concept of doing anything to achieve what you want draws parallels to a number of occurrences. They are, the real Salem witch trials upon which the story is based upon, the McCarthyist era and the modern day anti-terror laws although not directly addressed, the proportion is overwhelming.The anti-terror laws allow, mostly, innocent individuals to be held in prisons around the world simply because they look a certain way or are of a certain race. The comparison drawn is that one does not need evidence, merely a persons word, true or false. Miller displays certain parallels and concepts to show that religious fanaticism is not always guaranteed a peaceful society, in fact it ensues the opposite. The hero in the play is John Proctor he is a good man who has unfortunately made one no-account decision, consorting with his previous housemaid, Abigail Williams.Proctors wife, Elizabeth, questions his motives and whereabouts, sometimes leaving Proctor feeling undeserving as he has told Williams to leave him alone since the event. He is the hero of the play as he, unlike many other characters, does not feel pressure to succumb to the unreasonable accusations of witchcraft. When Elizabeth Proctor, John Proctors wife, is about to be taken away for witchcraft Proctor is portrayed as caring and selfless, as shown in this quote by John Proctor, We are what we always were in Salem, but now the little crazy children are jangling the keys of the kingdom, and viridity vengeance writes the lawThis warrants vengeance Ill not give my wife to vengeance (p72). Elizabeth replies, Ill g o John. (p72) John responds with a quite precise answer, You will not go (p72) This quote shows that Proctor, no matter what unjust decisions he has made in the past are nothing compared to the passion he feels for his wife, and that he would do anything for her. Furthermore, it allows the audience to see that one person does know what is happening, that most citizens of Salem have succumbed to the childish antics of teenage girls.At the end of Act IV, Proctor is asked to sign a piece of paper confessing that he had consulted with the devil, and that he was practising witchcraft, this quote displays his courage, I have confessed myself Is there no good penitence but it be public? God does not need my name nailed upon the church God sees my name God knows how black my sins are It is enough (p123 p124) This shows that Proctor is willing to save his family by confessing his sins, furthermore he does not want his family to be shunned by Salem.This positions the audience to sympathis e with Proctor allowing the audience to like him, and view him as Miller had intended, a hero. Proctor also helps Miller to display the dangers of religious fanaticism, and what can become of a society if theology is so profusely followed that is, a corrupt and spiteful community, where each individual has their own wellbeing, before they begin to think of any one else. Abigail Williams is a licentious individual who will stop at nothing to secure her previous paramour, John Proctor.She believes that the previous sexual encounter between her and Proctor means he still and always will, love her. Williams is portrayed as the enemy in the play, no doubt that she is more conniving than any other character, as shown in Act I, when she threatens the other girls involved in the so called witchcraft, she states, And mark this. Let either of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word, about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you.And you know I can do it (p26) This quote clearly shows what Williams is capable of, and that she wants the other girls to know that she will do what is necessary for her to achieve her goal of retaining Proctor. Williams also conveys how deceptive she truly is when talking to her uncle, Parris, about why she was fired by Elizabeth Proctor, from the Proctors service in this quote, She hates me, uncle, she must, for I would not be her slave. Its a bitter woman, a lying, cold, snivelling woman, and I will not work for such a woman (p20) This clearly shows that she does not care who she hurts or whose reputation she blackens, as long as her name is good it does not matter. Miller uses Williams to show that religious fanaticism does not always ensure a civilised humanity. Thomas Putnam is a greedy man who, like Williams, does what is in his power to retrieve, what he believes, is rightfully his. In this case it is supposed, by Giles Corey, that Putnam com pelled his daughter, Ruth, to accuse many people in Salem, including George Jacobs, Giles Corey and Goody Osbourn.Goody Osbourn was the Putnams midwife many times, and they believe she killed their children, also George Jacobs was an innocent man accused by Ruth Putnam of sending his spirit to her at night. Giles Corey correctly identified Thomas Putnam for wrongfully accusing persons of witchcraft in order to gain their many landed estate surrounding his already significant property. The following quote in Act I is stated by Putnam to Parris, When Reverend Hale comes, you will slip away to look for signs of witchcraft here. (p23).This quote shows that Putnam wants the witch-hunt to progress progression of this will assign Putnam time to declare more of his rivals, in return he will receive their land. The character analysis of Putnam shows that he is also spiteful and like Williams, his own well-being and desires are all that concern him, displaying the disconcerting corruption in the perfect society that is Salem. In conclusion, Arthur Miller does in fact use the character construction in the play to position the audience to accept the dominant reading of the play, which is, the dangers of religious fanaticism.Miller does this by represent the characters in a certain way, such as John Proctor who is portrayed as a hero for he would rather die to keep his name, than live a lie and be shunned by society. It also conveys that the dominant reading, of dangers of religious fanaticism, does not always entail a perfect life. Thus, Arthur Miller succeeded in what he set out to do which was, realize a play that is not only successful but conveyed an psyche of great importance, that is to display the parallels between the 1692 Salem witch trials and the McCarthyist era, and how easily it is for corruption to surface and become everyday life.The CrucibleThe Crucible The playwright, Arthur Miller, uses the character construction in the play to position the audien ce to accept the dominant reading of the play, which is the concern and dangers of religious fanaticism. The play, The Crucible, is set in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. It is based upon the actual events which led to the Salem witch trials, a series of hearings to determine which individuals were in fact practicing witchcraft.The play also conveys parallels to the McCarthyist era, during which the playwright was questioned as he had attended Communist meetings, and modern day anti-terror laws, which prevent people of certain backgrounds and cultures to enter countries, as they are immediately sent to prisons, based on appearance and other individuals opinions, that are certainly not based upon facts. The audience is positioned to relate to the concepts in the play, as well as sympathising with characters. Miller does this as it is a way of getting his message to the audience.The dominant reading of the play is religious fanaticism this is displayed as the town of Salem is ruled by a theocracy. However, the perfect town is hardly that, filled with corruption, betrayal and a never-ending blame game, which evidently causes masses of people to be tried in court resulting in many of them being hung. This concept of doing anything to achieve what you want draws parallels to a number of occurrences. They are, the real Salem witch trials upon which the story is based upon, the McCarthyist era and the modern day anti-terror laws although not directly addressed, the likeness is overwhelming.The anti-terror laws allow, mostly, innocent individuals to be held in prisons around the world simply because they look a certain way or are of a certain race. The comparison drawn is that one does not need evidence, merely a persons word, true or false. Miller displays certain parallels and concepts to show that religious fanaticism is not always guaranteed a peaceful society, in fact it ensues the opposite. The hero in the play is John Proctor he is a good man who has unfortunatel y made one regretful decision, consorting with his previous housemaid, Abigail Williams.Proctors wife, Elizabeth, questions his motives and whereabouts, sometimes leaving Proctor feeling undeserving as he has told Williams to leave him alone since the event. He is the hero of the play as he, unlike many other characters, does not feel pressure to succumb to the unreasonable accusations of witchcraft. When Elizabeth Proctor, John Proctors wife, is about to be taken away for witchcraft Proctor is portrayed as caring and selfless, as shown in this quote by John Proctor, We are what we always were in Salem, but now the little crazy children are jangling the keys of the kingdom, and common vengeance writes the lawThis warrants vengeance Ill not give my wife to vengeance (p72). Elizabeth replies, Ill go John. (p72) John responds with a quite precise answer, You will not go (p72) This quote shows that Proctor, no matter what unjust decisions he has made in the past are nothing compared to the passion he feels for his wife, and that he would do anything for her. Furthermore, it allows the audience to see that one person does know what is happening, that most citizens of Salem have succumbed to the childish antics of teenage girls.At the end of Act IV, Proctor is asked to sign a piece of paper confessing that he had consulted with the devil, and that he was practising witchcraft, this quote displays his courage, I have confessed myself Is there no good penitence but it be public? God does not need my name nailed upon the church God sees my name God knows how black my sins are It is enough (p123 p124) This shows that Proctor is willing to save his family by confessing his sins, furthermore he does not want his family to be shunned by Salem.This positions the audience to sympathise with Proctor allowing the audience to like him, and view him as Miller had intended, a hero. Proctor also helps Miller to display the dangers of religious fanaticism, and what can become of a society if theology is so profusely followed that is, a corrupt and spiteful community, where each individual has their own wellbeing, before they begin to think of any one else. Abigail Williams is a licentious individual who will stop at nothing to secure her previous paramour, John Proctor.She believes that the previous sexual encounter between her and Proctor means he still and always will, love her. Williams is portrayed as the enemy in the play, no doubt that she is more conniving than any other character, as shown in Act I, when she threatens the other girls involved in the so called witchcraft, she states, And mark this. Let either of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word, about the other things, and I will come to you in the black of some terrible night and I will bring a pointy reckoning that will shudder you.And you know I can do it (p26) This quote clearly shows what Williams is capable of, and that she wants the other girls to know that she will do what is nece ssary for her to achieve her goal of retaining Proctor. Williams also conveys how deceptive she truly is when talking to her uncle, Parris, about why she was fired by Elizabeth Proctor, from the Proctors service in this quote, She hates me, uncle, she must, for I would not be her slave. Its a bitter woman, a lying, cold, snivelling woman, and I will not work for such a woman (p20) This clearly shows that she does not care who she hurts or whose reputation she blackens, as long as her name is good it does not matter. Miller uses Williams to show that religious fanaticism does not always ensure a civilised humanity. Thomas Putnam is a greedy man who, like Williams, does what is in his power to retrieve, what he believes, is rightfully his. In this case it is supposed, by Giles Corey, that Putnam compelled his daughter, Ruth, to accuse many people in Salem, including George Jacobs, Giles Corey and Goody Osbourn.Goody Osbourn was the Putnams midwife many times, and they believe she kill ed their children, also George Jacobs was an innocent man accused by Ruth Putnam of sending his spirit to her at night. Giles Corey correctly identified Thomas Putnam for wrongfully accusing persons of witchcraft in order to gain their many acres surrounding his already significant property. The following quote in Act I is stated by Putnam to Parris, When Reverend Hale comes, you will proceed to look for signs of witchcraft here. (p23).This quote shows that Putnam wants the witch-hunt to progress progression of this will grant Putnam time to declare more of his rivals, in return he will receive their land. The character analysis of Putnam shows that he is also spiteful and like Williams, his own well-being and desires are all that concern him, displaying the disconcerting corruption in the perfect society that is Salem. In conclusion, Arthur Miller does in fact use the character construction in the play to position the audience to accept the dominant reading of the play, which is, the dangers of religious fanaticism.Miller does this by depicting the characters in a certain way, such as John Proctor who is portrayed as a hero for he would rather die to keep his name, than live a lie and be shunned by society. It also conveys that the dominant reading, of dangers of religious fanaticism, does not always entail a perfect life. Thus, Arthur Miller succeeded in what he set out to do which was, create a play that is not only successful but conveyed an idea of great importance, that is to display the parallels between the 1692 Salem witch trials and the McCarthyist era, and how easily it is for corruption to surface and become everyday life.The CrucibleWhat profit him to bleed? Shall the dust praise him? Shall the worms declare his truth? (145) Reverend Hale begs Elizabeth to convince John Proctor to convince in order for him not to be hanged. Hale does this because he sees the errors in his ways and knows that Proctor is innocent. In The Crucible by Arthur Miller, Reverend Hales despair, Judge Danforths integrity, Reverend Parris greed exhibit their use of authority. At the beginning of the play, Reverend Hale arrives in Salem eager to try and rid the Devil from the town.But in Act 2, his confidence starts to diminish when he goes to the Proctors house to investigate without the court knowing. I am a stranger here, as you know. And in my ignorance I find it hard to draw a clear opinion of them that come accused before the court. (63) This quote shows that Reverend Hale can only make an accurate judgment by getting to know the people accused of the crime and not just by an accusation made in court. It also shows that although he was once positive, Hale begins to show signs of doubting the presence of witchcraft in Salem.Reverend Hales despair finally emerges in Act 3 when John Proctor gets convicted because of Abigail Williams absurd accusations. Hale becomes enraged with anger and frustration, and quits the court. Later in Act 4, Hale returns in order to convince the convicted to confess to witchcraft so they will not be hanged. This exemplifies his total loss in faith of the law. When John Proctor is finally hanged, it completes Reverend Hales transformation from the beginning where he is optimistic and hopeful of finding witchcraft, to cynical and disgusted.Not only does Reverend Hale show the authority of power, but so does Judge Danforth. In order to try and keep peace in the town of Salem, Judge Danforth looks at the accusations of witchcraft in a very logical and holy way. He thinks he is being guided by God, so nobody can be truly convicted of witchcraft unless they are being controlled by the Devil. Although this seems like a fair way to act in the courtroom, it fails to recognize the lies told by Abigail Williams. But you must understand, sir, that a person is either with this court or he must be counted against it, there be no road between.This is a sharp time, now, a precise time- we live no longer in the dus ky afternoon when evil mixed itself with good and befuddled the world. (94) This quote clearly shows that Judge Danforth looks at everybody as being with or against God. Since the court takes the side of God, anyone such as John Proctor, must be conspiring with the Devil. Even though Danforth acts as the defining source of reason, he refuses to see he was wrong at the end of the play. Unlike Judge Danforth, Reverend Parris abuses his authority. Unlike Reverend Hale, Reverend Parris exhibits greed and an overall disregard for humanity.In Act 1, his actions are very misleading because he appears to be scared of revealing that there has been witchcraft in Salem. But he is not concerned due to the presence of witchcraft, but because he does not want to shame his name and lose his job. Where is my wood? My contract provides I be supplied with all my firewood. I am waiting since November for a stick, and even in November I had to show my frostbitten hands like some London beggar (29) Parr is complains of how he has no firewood even though he is supposed to get some.He later goes on to demand the deed for his house and insist on golden candlesticks for the church. These are all example of his greed and how he does not care what other people must do in order for him to get his way. Parris fails to redeem himself which is evident in Act 3 when he commits perjury by telling the court that he never saw the girls in the forest dancing naked, even though he told Abigail that he saw them. But in Act 4, Reverend Parris appears to have a change of heart because he convinces Danforth to postpone the hangings. But this is just another red herring to try and save himself.Parris found a dagger stabbed into his door, and if clearly innocent people are killed, the people of Salem might form an uprising against him. All of Parris wrongdoings make him suffer when Abigail steals all of his money and runs away with it to Boston. In The Crucible, Reverend Hale becomes an example of despa ir, Judge Danforth stands by his integrity, and Reverend Parris is thwarted by his own greed. By the end of the play, all of these characters exhibit their use of authority in positive and negative ways. But one fact that connects all of them is they were swindled by a group of selfish teenage girls.