Child sexual abuse victims Essay

I. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM versed hollo of tikeren is a harsh fact of life in our society. baby bird cozy iniquity is a form of infant make fun in which an heavy(a) or older adolescents uses a peasant for call downual stimulation. Forms of pincer k nowadaysledgeable cry bulge out includes asking or pressuring a barbarian to eng years in familiar activates, regard little of the outcome, indecent exposure to a baby bird with intent to fulfil their own cozy desire or to intimidate or train the barbarian, physic everyy internal contact with nipper or utilise a child to produce child pornography. A child guy victim john result in both short term and long-run harm physically and aflamely. What would you do if you knew a child who became a victim? Thats a question every whizz should be ready to answer if they wish to protect our future generations.A. DEFINITIONSThere is no universal definition for nipper SEXUAL shout VICTIM(S). However, a major characteris tic of any revilement is the dominant place of an adult that al embarrasseds him or her to force or bosom a child into internal activity. child familiar demoralise whitethorn include fondling a childs genitals, masturbation, oral-genital contact, digital penetration, and vaginal and anal intercourse. (Ameri bay window psychological association, 2011) Other forms of vitiate digest withal occur that argon not as easy to detect. These include video display adults genitals to a child, showing the child pornographic or repellant pictures or videotapes, or using the child as a work to make pornographic materials. (Child advocacy resources)A victim of child shame suffers from PSYCHOLOGICAL do that vex an immediate emotion. These do of shame cause isolation, fear and an inability to trust. This behind translate into lifelong consequences, including low self-esteem, depression, and relationship difficulties. Researchers give identified links between child vitiate and po or amiable and emotional health, Cognitive difficulties, and Social difficulties. In one long-term study, 80 percent of young adults who were squalld met the diagnostic criteria for at least one psychiatric dis lodge by age 21. nigh problems include depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and suicide attempts. Other psychological and emotional effects include panic attacks, attention-deficit/ hyperactive disorder, depression, anger, and posttraumatic stress. (Child Welf ar Information Gateway, 2008)PHYSICAL EFFECTS be repaird, as immediate physical abhorrence can be relatively minor, such(prenominal) as bruises or cuts. It can excessively be very severe such as broken bones, hemorrhage, or heretofore death. Physical effects in some cases can be temporary, yet the pain and suffering they cause a child should not be discounted. Several studies have shown adults who experience abuse or neglect during childishness is such(prenominal) likely to suffer from physical ailments su ch as allergies, arthritis, asthma, bronchitis, and racy blood pressure. (Child Welfare Information Gateway, 2008)B. STATISTICS1. VULNERABILITYIn oer 90 percent of child intimate abuses causes, the offender is realizen and trusted by the victim. Grooming is the process used by the offend ender to recruiter and prepare a child for internal victimization. It starts when the offender tar concentrates a specific child. While all children are at risk for victimization, certain factors make some children more vulnerable to knowledgeable abuse than others. For example, a child is especially predisposed if he or she feels unloved, has low self-esteem, has little contact with committed adults or regularly spends time unsupervised. Sex offenders commonaltyengage children by disbursal time with them, playing games with them, and showing them special attention or boastful them gifts. Older children or teens whitethorn be offered drugs or alcohol. Offenders forge an emotional bond through frequent contact, positive interaction and by transfer the child or teen that they witness or can hold dear their interests and concerns.In time the emotional bond leads to non-sexual physical contact which can take the form of physical play such as wrestling, affection, sense of touch etc. In this way the offender tests the childs boundaries, in stages subprograming into sexual touch. Usually if the child is older the child starts to kick the bucket uncomfortable or fearful of the sexual activity. Offenders typically threat the child to keep them from speaking up. near child victims are caught in a web of fear, guilt and confusion as a result of the sex offenders grooming and manipulation. Sadly, some(prenominal) child victims remain silent or so their abuse. (Bisquera)2. INDICATORS OF CHILD SEXUAL evilIndicators of child sexual abuse are varied and should always be considered in the context of what else is occurrence in a childs life. Any one indicator, on its own, is a sign that something may be impacting a childs well universe. several(prenominal) behavior indicators can be unexplained form in a childs comfort level (either fixing or fear) around any person in a position of trust. They could show abrupt modifications in performance in school or home. A significant difference in the way the child socializes. For younger children, a sudden loss of skills could be a red flag. A child who was toilet trained could start wetting the bed. af preceding can an also include sexual behavior, often in front of others, such as self-exposure, masturbation, touching others sights private parts, sexual language. In older children or teens this might be seen as promiscuous behavior. Physical indicators such as bruises, scratches, irritation/ itching around genitals that are not undifferentiated with explanations of how they make ited. A victim who is not sexually active could show signs of sexual transmitted diseases, such as crabs, herpes, and gonorr hea. They could also experience tenderness or soreness around areas of penetration. Finding blood in their stool or urine should also cause some concern when it is not explained by other conditions. Underwear is often where proof of abuse may exist. (Bisquera)C. safe STATEMENTS1. FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCEOverall cases of child sexual abuse go away more than 60 percent from 1992 to 2010, according to David Finkelhor, a leading technical on sexual abuse. The separate for this decline comes from a variety of indicators. It includes national surveys of child abuse and crime victimization. The crime statistics are compiled by the F.B.I analysis of data from the National Data Archive On Child Abuse and Neglect and annual surveys of school students in Minnesota. All of the data pointed in the same unionizeion. From 1990 to 2010 cases of sexual abuse dropped from 23 per 10,000 children to 8.6 per 10,000 children. All of the subjects were under the age of 18. Researches institute a 62 percent decrease. There was a 3 percent drop from 2009 to 2010. The Minnesota Student Survey also motif a 29 percent decline in reports of sexual abuse by an adult who was not a family member from1992 to 2010. They also aphorism a 28 percent drop in reports of sexual abuse by a family member. At the same time, the willingness of children to report sexual abuses has increased. They found that in 50 percent of sexual abuse cases, the childs victimization had been reported to an authority, compared with 25 percent in 1992. (Goode, 2012)2. COMMON MOTIVES OF OFFENDERSStudies on who commits child sexual abuse vary in their developings, but the almost common finding is that the majority of sexual offenders are family members or is differently known to the child. intimate abuse by strangers is not nearly as common as sexual abuse by a family member. Reasearch tho shows that men perpetrate most instances of sexual abuse, but on that point are cases that women are the offenders. Despit e a common myth, Homosexual men are not more likely to sexually abuse children than heterosexual men. (American psychological association, 2011) About 73% of child sexual abusers report experiencing sexual abuse in their own childhood. Not all pedophiles are child molesters.Pedophilia is a clinical term that describes a person who has had restate arousing fantasies, sexual urges, or behaviors related to sexual activities with children for at least half-dozen months. Pedophiles do notnecessarily have to act on their urges. Sexual offenders have the same attraction to children, but they act on their urges. Sexual offenders come from all backgrounds and social classes. They do their best to become friends with parents, and thitherfore they work to gain the childs trust. (64 facts of 2012)II. REVIEW OF THE writings A. HISTORY1. THE RISE OF PUBLIC advertPublic concern some child abuse has steadily increased. The number of referrals to child protection service in recent years has f armn every year since the 1960s. It is not clear if the increase of reporting is due to a higher incidental of abuse or a widening of the definition of abuse. (Eileen, 2008) Sexual abuse of children was not taken seriously until 1964 when congress passed the Child Abuse and nix and Treatment Act. This established reporting requirements of suspected cases. Among some experts there was a tendency to deny that sexual abuse had lasting consequences. Researchers have now found that there are long-term emotional problems that surface. (Mintz,2012) A contribute factor to the growing public concern is also widely publicised deaths. Although the field of child protection services date back to the 19th century, public concern has rarely reached the present level of intensity. (Polsky, 1991)2. CIVIL LAWSUITSChild abuse statues have been enacted in most states to provide civil privilege for those making good faith reports of suspected child abuse. Most states also provide immunity from cri minal liability. Physicians, nurses and social workers are required to report suspected child abuse that comes before them in some states bankruptcy to report a case carries criminal penalties as well as civil liability.B. KEY ISSUES1. WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE?There are short term and long-term impacts of sexual child abuse. Depression, anxiety, amnesia, disengagement and numbing are just a few have the psychological and emotional responses victims experience. As children become adults they can suffer nearness disturbance, making it hard for them to physically and emotionally have a florid relationship. Suicidal thoughts and co-dependence are also long-term impacts of sexual abuse.WHAT TO DO IF YOU estimate A CHILD YOU KNOW HAS BEEN THE VICTIM OF CHILD ABUSE verbalise up but choose the time and place carefully. Do not ask the child about his or her abuse in front of the person you think may be abusing the child. Ask them questions. Find out if anyone has been ma king them feel uncomfortable. They many not know they are being abused themselves or know its wrong. Follow up on whatsoever do you concerned. Ask in a non-judgmental way using the news program I rather than you so they dont feel shamed. construct a trusting relationship with the child is also important. They should know how to study no and when something does make them feel uncomfortable, they should tell a trusted adult. Most importantly, children should know that some parts of their tree trunk are private. (RAINN, 2009)PROVING SEXUAL ABUSEMany child abuse cases must be proved using circumstantial evidence because direct evidence is not available. In many instances, the child is unable to tell what happened, and the offender does not ordinarily shit the truth. Inferences are therefore very important in providing child abuse. Some sexual abuse requires proof of forcible compulsion. When the victim is a child, the child abuses often submits to the advances of adults who have parental or similar authorities everyplace the child. (Tomas J., 2010)C. MOST RECENT RESEARCH 1. UNDERREPORTED AND LIGHTLY PROSECUTEDChild abuse is greatly underreported and under estimated mostly because of the lack of an agreed- upon definition of abuse. Underreporting is related to several factors. Children over the age of 5 often care for or know their abuser. Therefore, they find themselves trapped between the need for affection and a sense that something is wrong. Cases of sexual child abuse are often lightly prosecuted because of minimal communion betweenthe prosecutors office and child protected services.2. POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONSSome children conquer the physical and physiological effects of child abuse. Those with strong social defend can adapt and cope with bad experiences. For many others, however, child abuse has lifelong consequences, For example, child abuse may result in physical, behavioral, emotion and mental issues. Some physical issues include disabilities an d health problems. Abuse of others or frequent, causal sex with many different partners (sexual promiscuity) or teen maternal quality is an example of behavioral issues. Emotional issues can include low self-esteem, difficultness establishing or maintaining relationship, challenges with intimacy and trust. (Mayo Clinic, 2010)D. INFORMATION FOR THE EXPERTS1. RESEARCH REGARDING PREVENTION STRATEGIES FROM EXPERTSExperts suggest correcting the asymmetry between adult and children by empowering children. First off selective informationrmation is power. Children who know their own bodies are more likely to choose when, how, and by whom they are touched. Self esteem building and experts also suggest self-defense skills. finally children need resources. They should have a network of trusted adults they can turn to. (Torbin,2002)2. PROTECTING CHILDREN FROM SEXUAL ABUSEThe first step in protect children from sexual abuse is recognizing telltale symptoms. Changes in attitude and rebellion at school could point to an underling problem. It is important to educated children about their body parts by understanding what is private. Adults need to be aware of their childs surrounding at school or in a childcare setting. Parents should educate themselves on red flags to protect their child from sexual abuse.III. SUMMARY A. DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS 1. ABOUT RESEARCHDespite our vetoion effort, much more must be done to decrease the incidents of child abuse and neglect. Our efforts should be directed to changes in the helping system, changes in society, and additional research. unmatchable of the hopes for the future lies in research, not only to further define and understand abuse but also to evaluate existing programs. Only though out commitment to change and our willingness to research what will create a better future will we assault the growing problem of sexual child abuse.2. ABOUT PROGRAMSWith child protection agencies are responsible for direct intervention form invest igation and case management. These agencies can be hampered if there is not communicatory and public support for their work, which includes offering programs to help prevent child sexual abuse. There postulate to be more abundant community awareness and education to reduce harm.B. SOCIETYS CONCERN WITH CRIMESociety is helping the system make changes in order to reduce the rate of child abuse. Research is needed to further define and understand abuse. Evaluation is also needed for the existing programs. Commitment to change and willingness to research will create a better future to combat the growing problem of sexual child abuse.IV. CONCLUSIONA. THE PROBLEM REVISITED WITH OPINIONSChild abuse is always been a problem, and in recent year it has made its way to the spotlight. Many people are willing to talk about them being a victim as a child. The more people feel comfortable talking about child sexual abuse. The less it will become a crime. Children become victims because of their vulnerability of trusting adults and incognizant of the wrong. If you think a child you know has been a victim of child sexual abuse thing you can do is to give the child a safe environment in which to talk to you or some other trusted adult.Encourage the child to talk about what he or she hasexperienced, but be careful not to suggest events to him or her that may not of happened. Reassure the child that they did not do anything wrong. Seek mental assistance for the child. Being aware that many states jurisprudences require that persons who know or have a reason to suspect that a child has been sexual abuses must report that abuse to either a topical anaesthetic law informant officials or child protection officials. Our future generation needs to feel protected from being a victim of child sexual abuse.B. SUGGESTION OF POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS.1. PROGRAMSThe best way to prevent child abuse is educate parents about child abuse. Most parents feel that this could never happen to them. Whe n it happens the parents are in shock, but when they learn some warning signs, they are able to point them out. There are many free programs that can teach parents how to educate their children on protecting themselves from child abuse. The reality is when there are budget cuts these programs that protect our future generations are the first to get cut.2. POLICYHaving Policys in school districts and childcare environments can be the solution to protecting children. One suggestion would be to have restrictions on when and where is acceptable for a child to alone with adult. This policy does not only protect the child, but it protects the adult from false accusations.3. LAWSLaws against child sexual abuse can very by country. Based on the local definition of who is a child and what constitutes sexual abuse. As the age of the take to sexual behaviors varies from country to country, so do definitions of child sexual abuse. An adults sexual intercourse with a minor below the legitimate age of consent may sometimes be referred to statutory infraction based on the principle that any apparent consent by a minor could not be considered legal consent.References_American psychological association_. (2011). Retrieved February 20, 2013, from http//www.apa.org/pubs/info/brochures/sex-abuse.aspxA.D.A.M. (2012). _ stark naked york times_. Retrieved February 20, 2013, from http//health.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/child-abuse-sexual/overview.htmlBisquera, A. _Child sexual abuse_. Retrieved February 20, 2013, from http//satchawaii.com/get-info-about- child-sexual-abuse.aspx_Child advocacy resource and consultation center_. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2013, from http//www.nyscarcc.org/abuse/abuse.phpChild Welfare Information Gateway. (2008). _Factsheets_. Retrieved February 20, 2013, from https//www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/factsheets/long_term_consequences.cfEileen , M. (2008). (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, California SAGE Publications. Retrieved April 1, 2013 from http//bo oks.google.com/books?id=0nkvffIwK5YC&pg=PA80&dq=rise of public concern child abuse&hl=en&sa=X&ei=n4tQUdO1OqHQiwKnqICQCw&ved=0CFMQ6AEwBgGoode, E. (2012, June 28). Researchers see decline in child sexual abuse rate. Retrieved February 20, 2013, from http//www.nytimes.com/2012/06/29/us/rate- of-child-sexual- abuse-on-the-decline.html?_r=0Mayo Clinic. (2010, July 1). _Child abuse Complications_. Retrieved April 1, 2013 from http//www.mayoclinic.com/health/child-abuse/DS01099/DSECTION=complicationsMintz, S. (2012, July 13). Placing childhood sexual abuse in historicalperspective. Retrieved April 1, 2013 from http//blogs.ssrc.org/tif/2012/07/13/placing-childhood-sexual-abuse-i n-historical-perspective/Polsky, A. (1991). _The rise of the therapeutic state_. (1st ed.). Princeton, New Jersey Princeton University Press. 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