The Justification of Morality and Why You Should Act Morally :: Morality Morals Controversial Issues Essays

The Justification of Morality and Why You Should Act Morally1. Introduction In this paper I wish to consider the pursuit related headlands (i) Can a system of exampleity be justified? (ii) Why should one act chastely? (iii) How can others be persuaded to act morally? Clearly none of these questions is new, and moral philosophers have proposed a variety of responses to them over the centuries without reaching all general agreement. Nevertheless, because these questions are fundamental to any practical covering of moral theory, it is worthwhile to continue to reflect upon them. For Jewish, Christian and Muslim societies, the justification of morality is the Word of God as expressed in the Bible and Koran. presumption an authoritative text containing basic moral premises, the appropriate method for obtaining rules of conduct is a process of logical deduction from those premises to conclusions. However, if we focus our inquiry on European and American societies in the present cent ury, the decline of belief in religious authority has undermined this approach to moral theory for many people. This monumental change-for morality-may be attributed to many factors. An increase in multicultural studies has emphasized the wide variety of beliefs that human beings hold, which may have led more people to doubt that any one of them is authoritative. A number of writers over the years have commented on the correspondence of specific religious beliefs with ones society of birth, again leading thoughtful individuals to question the authority of their childhood religious beliefs. As a general sociological observation, one can point to a positive correlation between change magnitude educational level and a diminished belief in the authority of religious texts. When thoughtful persons reject religious authority as the basis of morality, it becomes essential to find another basis for moral beliefs. One of the few statements about contemporary moral philosophy which is unlike ly to encounter opposition is that no moral theory enjoys wide acceptance. At present the most widely discussed theories of morality in the British-American literature are functionalism, deontology and social contract theory. The well known utilitarian approach to ethical (note 1) decision making was proposed by Jeremy Bentham in his Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789) and elaborated by John Stuart Mill in several(prenominal) books, e.g., Utilitarianism (1863). In Chapter 1, Bentham defines utility as that which tends to produce benefit, advantage, pleasure, good, or happiness (all this in the present case comes to the same thing).